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Dave Asprey

How Dirty Is Your Pillowcase?

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How often do you wash your bedsheets? Be honest.

While most of us are good about throwing in a load of laundry every week or so, bed sheets often get left out of the mix. Maybe it’s because we’re too busy to wash our sheets, we forget, or we’re just lazy, but I’ll bet if you survey a group of people, 90% will admit that they don’t wash their bedsheets more than twice a month – if that.

But who cares anyway? It’s not like our bedsheets are exposed to the outside world like our clothing.

Well, the results from a recent report from Amerisleep might change your mind about how important it is to keep your bed sheets and pillowcases clean…

How Dirty Are Your Bedsheets and Pillow Cases?

In their report, Amerisleep took samples from unwashed bed sheets and pillowcases over four weeks to assess the bacterial composition. What they found was, in a word, revolting. And when compared with bedsheets, pillowcases are by far the more disgusting of the two.

Here are some of the gruesome highlights[1]:

  • After one week of not washing your pillowcases, they harbor 3 million bacteria – 17,000 times more bacteria than a toilet seat.
  • After two weeks of not washing your pillowcase, they harbor 6 million bacteria – 332 times more bacteria than a faucet handle.
  • After three weeks of not washing your pillowcase, they harbor 8.5 million bacteria – 405 times more bacteria than a kitchen sink.
  • After four weeks of not washing your pillowcase, they harbor 12 million bacteria – over 39 times more bacteria than your pet’s food bowl.

And if you’re not completely grossed out yet, over 41% of the bacteria they found were gram-negative bacteria – the type that can cause serious infections[2].

And may I remind you; this is the surface you put your precious head on for (hopefully) at least seven or eight hours a night.

The Key To “Clean” Sleeping

We’ve all heard of clean eating, but I think it’s about time we talk about “clean” sleeping.

I know the above stats took me by surprise, but luckily (for me), I like to stay ahead of the curve on all things health and wellness. So I took a deep breath of relief when I realized that my pillowcase is already tailor-made to combat the bacterial onslaught that most people are dealing with. Yes, I have a self-cleaning pillowcase.

As a Biohacker, I’m constantly looking around for the best of the best in everything from food to supplements to apparel to…you guessed it…pillowcases.

What makes my pillowcase so special? The company I buy my pillows and pillowcases from infuses their fabrics with copper. If you haven’t heard of the enVy pillow, I highly recommend checking them out. The enVy pillow has an ergonomic design that Health Canada recognizes as a Class l medical device as it aligns the spine correctly, creating an ideal environment for restorative sleep.

But we’re not here to talk about my perfect ergonomic sleeping position – we’re here to talk about clean sleeping, which is where the copper infusion comes in.

Copper is a metal well-known for its antimicrobial properties, particularly in hospital settings where research shows that copper surfaces reduce HAI (Hospital Acquired Infections)[3][4].

Over time scientists and engineers have been able to harness these antimicrobial properties and apply copper to softer surfaces such as fabrics- but with limited success[5][6].

The enVy Pillow Company harnesses copper technology but takes it a step further using a Canadian-produced highly engineered atomic-level modification of copper with the ability for complete 100% copper coverage on every strand and substrand of their natural Mulberry SILK or eco-Soft TENCEL pillowcases. Previous technologies have only offered limited copper coverage (5 -15 % coverage) and only on synthetic fabrics such as polyester and nylon, which do not provide breathability or the skin health benefits of natural fabrics such as pure silk.

Beyond offering complete copper coverage, the enVy Copper process is permanently infused into the self-cleaning pillowcase with the impressive ability to eliminate 99.9% of pathogens within four hours, including the destruction of superbugs such as MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staph Aureus)[7].

In other words, those bacteria trying to make a bee-line for your pillowcase won’t stand a chance on these copper-infused fabrics.

Additional Benefits of Sleeping With Copper

Copper-infused fabrics do more than self-sanitize.

In fact, copper provides a range of health benefits. For example, clinical studies demonstrate that continued exposure to copper-infused textiles significantly reduces facial wrinkles, skin sagging and enhances skin elasticity and general skin health[8][9].

It’s also a natural non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Medical science has been using copper for many years in the treatment of pain as it assists in blocking the production and release of chemicals that cause inflammation[9][10].

Furthermore, due to copper’s antibacterial activity, the consistent use of copper-infused pillowcases or sleep masks may improve conditions like acne, rosacea, and blepharitis (eye infections)[6][11].

When we sleep with copper, we have an ally working around the clock, providing the best laziness hack: healing and protecting while we rest.

Takeaway

As outlined in my recent book, “Smarter Not Harder,” the human inclination towards what may seem like laziness is, in essence, a deep-seated drive for efficiency and survival. Our biological selves strive for efficiency, but the true art is learning how to harness this inherent propensity in ways that serve us best.

This approach has led me to some fascinating intersections of nature, technology, and innovation, one of which is the copper-infused enVy pillow. Does it make me lazy to want my pillow to clean itself? That’s your call. But it certainly has made me healthier and more efficient – a perfect embodiment of my ‘Work Smarter, Not Harder’ philosophy.

Woman sleeping with an enVy brand Sleep mask and pillow case on her pillow

References

  1. https://amerisleep.com/blog/bacteria-in-your-bed/?sscid=81k7_gb5zh&affiliateID=314743
  2. https://www.cdc.gov/hai/organisms/gram-negative-bacteria.html
  3. Borkow, Gadi, and Jeffrey Gabbay. “Copper, an ancient remedy returning to fight microbial, fungal and viral infections.” Current Chemical Biology 3.3 (2009): 272-278.
  4. Schmidt, Michael G., et al. “Sustained reduction of microbial burden on common hospital surfaces through introduction of copper.” Journal of clinical microbiology 50.7 (2012): 2217-2223.
  5. Borkow, Gadi, and Jeffrey Gabbay. “Putting copper into action: copper?impregnated products with potent biocidal activities.” The FASEB journal 18.14 (2004): 1728-1730.
  6. Borkow, Gadi, Rachel Salvatori, and Vikram K. Kanmukhla. “Drastic reduction of bacterial, fungal and viral pathogen titers by cuprous oxide impregnated medical textiles.” Journal of Functional Biomaterials 12.1 (2021): 9.
  7. Borkow, Gadi. “Using copper to fight microorganisms.” Current Chemical Biology 6.2 (2012): 93-103.
  8. Borkow, G., et al. “Improvement of facial skin characteristics using copper oxide containing pillowcases: a double?blind, placebo?controlled, parallel, randomized study.” International Journal of Cosmetic Science 31.6 (2009): 437-443.
  9. Milanino, Roberto, and Virginia Buchner. “Copper: role of the endogenous’ and exogenous’ metal on the development and control of inflammatory processes.” Reviews on environmental health 21.3 (2006): 153-215.
  10. Song, Erfei, et al. “Copper fabric improves the metabolic profile of obese mice: Potential role of the gut microbiota.” Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology 131.5 (2022): 355-363.
  11. Borkow, Gadi, et al. “Molecular mechanisms of enhanced wound healing by copper oxide?impregnated dressings.” Wound repair and regeneration 18.2 (2010): 266-275.

 

Biohacking Your Way to Higher Levels of This Natural Detoxifier

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Back in the day, following a detox diet or taking detoxification supplements would sound ridiculous – we already have innate detox systems inside our bodies – what do you think your liver and kidneys are doing all day? 

Unfortunately, our modern world exposes us to more stressors and toxins than our bodies can handle. While your liver and kidneys are doing their best to keep up, they’re no match for the onslaught of chemicals we encounter daily. 

The result?

An overwhelming amount of free radical production. 

Fortunately, scientists have found modern solutions to our modern issues. Namely, supplements that help the human body go to bat with the chemicals that cause oxidative stress in our bodies. And chief among them is a little something we call glutathione. 

Stay with me to learn how glutathione works in your body and the best way to ensure your body has enough of this crucial nutrient. 

What’s The Deal With Free Radicals?

Before we jump into the glutathione story, let’s review an important topic; free radical generation. 

First, you need to understand that free radicals are not innately bad. Your body makes free radicals every day as it undergoes normal oxidative stress due to the chemical reactions involved in energy production. However, add to those naturally occurring free radicals the external sources such as environmental pollutants, sun exposure, food additives, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and so on – and the challenges begin.

The problem? A simple supply-and-demand issue. For your body to stay in equilibrium, you need to have enough antioxidants to combat free radical production. 

When free radicals snatch electrons from other molecules, they leave those molecules in an unstable state. Antioxidants come in to stabilize free radicals, neutralizing their damage. However, when you have too many unstable molecules floating around (and not enough antioxidants), it can lead to cellular damage, illness, and aging and sets the stage for chronic and degenerative diseases.  

Simply put, free radicals without enough antioxidants to balance them equals oxidative stress. 

For our bodies to function in the ideal state, we want our mitochondrial environment to be in a “balanced cellular redox state.” This means that our metabolic process functions properly, and oxidative stress is balanced with antioxidants to create homeostasis.   

Scientist in lab with beakers and test tubes with clear liquid in beaker

The Natural Neutralizer – Glutathione 

This is where glutathione comes in. This powerful antioxidant naturally occurs in your body with incredible free radical fighting power. Produced by your liver, glutathione not only helps to neutralize free radicals, but it also has the job of conjugating (interacting) with toxins in a way that helps to aid their excretion from your body. As such, glutathione is vital to your immune system, detoxification system, and tissue repair. 

Furthermore, glutathione recycles all other antioxidants to provide maximum detoxification and protection from oxidative stress and free-radical damage. This is one of the reasons it’s often referred to as the “master antioxidant.” 

 Here are just a handful of ways that glutathione can enhance your health and longevity: 

Glutathiones Role In Immunity

Inflammation and oxidative stress are at the root of most chronic diseases. When we can get these two processes under control, health is often a natural byproduct. 

Unfortunately, as you’ve learned, our modern world makes it more challenging to keep oxidative stress in balance and inflammation levels low. As a result, our immune systems are constantly on edge. While your immune cells have the vital job of warding off pathogens, they also need to work with (or around) other internal insults like free radicals.

Several studies show the positive impact that glutathione can have on immune processes. For example, research shows that glutathione plays a role in innate immunity, helping to protect you against outside invaders like viruses and bacteria. In fact, one recent study found that topical glutathione was  effective at enhancing the clearance of mycobacterium, improving host immune function against this infection[1]. 

 Furthermore, glutathione’s anti-inflammatory activity may assist in lung-related conditions like asthma and bronchitis[2][3]. 

Glutathione for Athletes 

One of the side effects of physical activity is oxidation. While movement is generally a very good thing, the fact remains that oxidation leads to inflammation, and over time this inflammation can eventually lead to cell death (unless it’s met with adequate antioxidant defenses). For this reason, glutathione is an important compound for anyone that pushes themselves physically.  

And beyond its straightforward antioxidant activity, studies also support glutathione’s role in muscle recovery. For example, one study found that just two weeks of glutathione supplementation in men undergoing exercise tests resulted in reduced muscle fatigue compared to those taking the placebo. Faster muscle recovery means faster gains, which sounds pretty good to me[4]. 

Glutathione and Depression and Anxiety 

Could physiological stress add to psychological stress?

 Scientists are now exploring a link between low glutathione levels and people suffering from psychological conditions, hypothesizing that oxidative stress may be a factor underlying mood disorders. There’s also some exploration around glutathione’s impact on dopamine and serotonin levels and their effect on mood modulation[5]. 

How To Keep Glutathione Levels High

So, if glutathione can support detox, fight free radicals, and may even enhance your exercise performance, the question becomes – how do you keep your glutathione levels high? 

There are many ways to answer this question, but it all starts with your lifestyle choices. Here are a handful of low-hanging fruit techniques for maintaining optimal glutathione levels:

Find ways to reduce stress 

This is a big one because, as you learned, both emotional and physical stress can wear down your glutathione resources as it tries to combat free radicals. 

Some well-researched stress-relieving activities include yoga and meditation, but that may not be enough if you’re surrounded by technology all day. Smartphones, computers, and tablets all produce electromagnetic fields (EMFs), which cause oxidative stress and can put strain on your body (and glutathione resources)[6][7]. 

Seek glutathione-boosting foods

Foods with high concentrations of glutathione include avocados, strawberries, asparagus, and selenium-rich foods like beef, chicken, fish, and eggs. Skip processed foods containing preservatives and chemicals – they’ll drive up oxidation.  

Exercise 

While over-training could potentially tax your glutathione resources, research shows that moderate exercise will actually give you a glutathione boost[8]. 

Try leisurely 30- to 60-minute walks, strength training using your body, yoga, and stretching exercises.  

Auro Wellness Glutaryl and Glutaryl Plus supplement in brown glass bottles

Glutathione Supplements With Optimal Delivery 

All of the above suggestions are a fantastic place to start, but as I’ve said before, today, we need more support than ever due to the sheer amount of toxins in our environment. This is precisely why so many companies are selling glutathione supplements. 

Now look, I’m all about adding supplements to my routine when necessary, but I am absolutely not about wasting my time or money on products that don’t work. And while there are many well-meaning companies out there, I’ve found that the vast majority of glutathione supplements fall short.

The issue?

IV glutathione is time-consuming and expensive, and you’ll need to supplement for about a year before you start seeing significant changes. On the other hand, oral glutathione is affordable and easy to take, but the absorption through your digestive tract is weak, which means you have to take heroic amounts if you want to see an impact. 

What I’m getting at here is that the delivery method of your glutathione supplement is essential. Unlike most supplements that you can pop into your mouth, glutathione takes a little bit more finesse. To date, the best delivery system I’ve found is transdermal, and the best company I’ve found that produces transdermal is Auro Wellness.

 

Auro Wellness is a supplement company at the forefront of glutathione research, founded by Dr. Nayan Patel. Dr. Patel created the Auro GSH™ Antioxidant Delivery System, a patented, first-of-its-kind technology that optimizes antioxidant absorption and efficacy. 

This patented technology differs from other forms of glutathione in two important ways: 

#1. Its innovative and patented design protects glutathione from oxidation, maintaining its integrity during delivery to provide maximum potency. 

#2. The sub-nano format of the system allows for transdermal delivery, ushering glutathione deeper into the dermis layer of your skin.  

That’s why I go with Auro’s Glutaryl as my top pick for glutathione supplementation. 

Takeaway

Our modern, technologically advanced world offers many benefits, but one significant downside is the number of toxic substances we have to deal with daily.

Your lifestyle plays a critical role in how many toxins your body encounters and how well it deals with them. But lifestyle alone is likely not enough to keep you feeling your best, which is why I always recommend supplementing with glutathione. 

If you’re searching for a glutathione supplement, you won’t have much trouble finding one; there are plenty to choose from. However, if you want to get the most bang for your buck, try a transdermal glutathione like the one offered by Auro Wellness. 

References 

  1. Sasaninia, Kayvan, et al. “Topical Absorption of Glutathione–Cyclodextrin Nanoparticle Complex in Healthy Human Subjects Improves Immune Response against Mycobacterium avium Infection.” Antioxidants 12.7 (2023): 1375.
  2. Ghezzi, Pietro. “Role of glutathione in immunity and inflammation in the lung.” International journal of general medicine (2011): 105-113.
  3. Diotallevi, Marina, et al. “Glutathione fine-tunes the innate immune response toward antiviral pathways in a macrophage cell line independently of its antioxidant properties.” Frontiers in immunology 8 (2017): 1239.
  4. Aoi, Wataru, et al. “Glutathione supplementation suppresses muscle fatigue induced by prolonged exercise via improved aerobic metabolism.” Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 12.1 (2015): 7.
  5. Freed, Rachel D., et al. “A pilot study of cortical glutathione in youth with depression.” Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 270 (2017): 54-60.
  6. https://www.apa.org/topics/mindfulness/meditation
  7. Shohani, Masoumeh, et al. “The effect of yoga on stress, anxiety, and depression in women.” International journal of preventive medicine 9 (2018).
  8. Elokda, Ahmed S., and David H. Nielsen. “Effects of exercise training on the glutathione antioxidant system.” European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation 14.5 (2007): 630-637.

Does Colloidal Silver Work, And Is It Safe?

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Should you put silver in your body?

This is a great question, and one that many people are starting to ask as the use of a supplement called colloidal silver is increasing in popularity. On the one hand, silver is, in essence, a heavy metal. If you know anything about the detriments of heavy metal toxicity, the answer to whether or not you should dabble with silver is likely a resounding “no.”

But if you’re anything like me, someone telling you not to do something is rarely a deterrent. In fact, there isn’t anything in the health and wellness industry that I take at face value; I always dig in and do my own research. This is precisely the reason I’m writing an article on colloidal silver…but not just any colloidal silver.

In this blog, I’m going to clear up some confusion and highlight exactly why colloidal silver is a supplement I like to keep on hand, and which version you can rely on for both safety and efficacy.

Colloidal Silver for Antibiotic Resistance

Silver’s use as a healing agent goes back thousands of years, with its first recorded use dating to 1500 BC. Ancient healers used silver to treat everything from infections to wounds long before we even understood the world of microbes.

Today, research discoveries show that silver can actually act as a potent antimicrobial, which is one of the reasons that its use is gaining so much attention lately.

In case you haven’t heard, we have a bit of a problem on our hands; antibiotic resistance.

Antibiotic resistance is a massive issue in the medical world, and for a very good reason – microbes are becoming resistant to the drugs designed to kill them. This means that infectious agents like bacteria and fungi are developing the ability to defeat the drugs we’ve poured millions of dollars into, which leaves us, humans, in a bit of a pickle.

How did this happen?

Many people believe it’s due to the sheer amount of antibiotic use we see today. With the first advent of antibiotics, administration happened sparingly for serious infections only. Today, however, we take antibiotics every time we get an itchy throat or a stuffy nose, and it’s coming back to bite us.

As these germs get stronger and more resilient, our human immune systems are becoming more and more vulnerable to attack. In fact, antimicrobial resistance was associated with nearly 5 million deaths in 2019, with more than 2.8 million antimicrobial-resistant infections occurring each year[1].

The solution?

Find alternative remedies with antimicrobial properties – like colloidal silver. True to its historical use, studies show that colloidal silver may serve as an effective treatment for bacterial infections, meaning it can replace antibiotics; sounds like a solid solution to me[2].

Info Graphic of advantages of colloidal silver

Other Benefits of Colloidal Silver

In addition to its antibacterial activity, colloidal silver also holds promise for its antifungal and antiviral activity, with research backing its ability to fight common fungal and viral infections[3][4].

Moreover, colloidal silver is still widely used for wound healing, creating an effective barrier against skin infection[5][6].

Further research shows the potential of colloidal silver for[7]:

  • Antiplatelet activity
  • Antioxidant activity
  • Bone regeneration
  • Enhancing immunity
  • Assisting with stomach ailments
  • Combating alcohol toxicity

Potential Downsides of Colloidal Silver

At this point, you may wonder why we aren’t all just mainlining colloidal silver every day.

Well, like most things in life, silver comes with its own set of potential downsides. This element is heavy metal, after all.

For example, one of the primary drawbacks of using silver as a healing agent is a strange and rather smurfy side effect known as argyria.

Argyria is a condition where your skin turns blue, often permanently. Since silver doesn’t typically leave your body easily, this element can accumulate in your tissues, giving your hair, skin, and even your eyes a bluish tint. Is it life-threatening? No. But it’s certainly not a look that most people are going for.

On the more serious side, however, are potential consequences that come with the buildup of heavy metals, like neurological issues and organ system toxicity[8][9][10][11].

So, where does this leave us? Do we bite the bullet and keep using antibiotics that may create long-term issues like infections we can’t control? Or do we put our bodies at risk for heavy metal poisoning?

How about we do neither…

How To Safely and Effectively Use Colloidal Silver

While some people will warn you that colloidal silver is a heavy metal, what most people don’t understand is the nuance that goes into creating a colloidal silver supplement. While some of the colloidal silver you see on the shelves may, in fact, cause an accumulation in your body –that’s not the case for all of them.

In fact, a company called American Biotech Labs created a unique colloidal silver technology called Ag?0? also known as SilverSol® that leaves your body within 36 to 72 hours, mitigating the risk of heavy metal accumulation. With this new technology, they’ve created a silver product that goes into your body, steals electrons from pathogens repeatedly (unlike ionic silver, which is a one and done), and finds its way out of your system once its job is done[12][13].

Yes, you read that right; Silver Biotics offers the best of both worlds with their patented Ag404 technology; antimicrobial activity without the risk of accumulation.

Silver Biotics Immune Support supplement

Takeaway

Whenever I read anything new in the health and wellness space, I like to take it with a big old grain of salt. I never regret doing my research and asking questions, and much more often than not, I find that what I once thought to be true is actually old news.

With rising concerns around antibiotic resistance, it’s a crucial time for us to let go of some of our long-held beliefs and open up to alternative options. Silver Biotics is a product that holds an incredible amount of promise not only for your health but for the health of the human population as we go head-to-head with antibiotic resistant microbes.

References

  1. https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/about.html
  2. Domínguez, Andrea Vila, et al. “Antibacterial activity of colloidal silver against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.” Antibiotics 9.1 (2020).
  3. Monteiro, D. R., et al. “Silver colloidal nanoparticles: antifungal effect against adhered cells and biofilms of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata.” Biofouling 27.7 (2011): 711-719.
  4. Ratan, Zubair Ahmed, et al. “Silver nanoparticles as potential antiviral agents.” Pharmaceutics 13.12 (2021): 2034.
  5. Castellano, Joseph J., et al. “Comparative evaluation of silver?containing antimicrobial dressings and drugs.” International wound journal 4.2 (2007): 114-122.
  6. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/colloidal-silver-what-you-need-to-know
  7. Naik, K., and M. Kowshik. “The silver lining: towards the responsible and limited usage of silver.” Journal of applied microbiology 123.5 (2017): 1068-1087.
  8. Tang, Jinglong, et al. “Silver nanoparticles crossing through and distribution in the blood-brain barrier in vitro.”Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology 10.10 (2010): 6313-6317.
  9. Sun, Cheng, et al. “”Silver nanoparticles induced neurotoxicity through oxidative stress in rat cerebral astrocytes is distinct from the effects of silver ions.”” Neurotoxicology 52 (2016): 210-221.
  10. Nosrati, Hamed, et al. “”The potential renal toxicity of silver nanoparticles after repeated oral exposure and its underlying mechanisms.”” BMC nephrology 22.1 (2021): 228.
  11. Heydrnejad, M. Saeed, Roya Jafarzadeh Samani, and Simin Aghaeivanda. “”Toxic effects of silver nanoparticles on liver and some hematological parameters in male and female mice (Mus musculus).”” Biological trace element research 165 (2015): 153-158.
  12. Munger, Mark A., et al. “In vivo human time-exposure study of orally dosed commercial silver nanoparticles.” Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 10.1 (2014): 1-9.
  13. Roy, Rustom, et al. “Ultradilute Ag-aquasols with extraordinary bactericidal properties: role of the system Ag–O–H2O.” Materials Research Innovations 11.1 (2007): 3-18.

 

Why You Should Never Fast Without Electrolytes 

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I’m a huge fan of fasting, which is precisely why I wrote an entire book on the subject. 

The problem is many people don’t know how to fast correctly. 

Yes, fasting includes abstaining from food for several hours (or even days), but that doesn’t mean your body stops requiring nutrients—specifically electrolytes. 

Confused? Yeah, I don’t blame you. But that’s why we’re here, so listen up; I’m about to explain how you can get the nutrients you need to optimize (and not derail) your fast. Here we go. 

What Are Electrolytes?

Electrolytes are minerals your body uses to regulate its electrical currents, water balance, and more. The primary electrolytes in your body include sodium, calcium, potassium, chloride, phosphate, and magnesium[1]. 

Electrolytes have a hand in almost all bodily functions, including[2][3][4]:

  • Maintaining intracellular and extracellular fluid
  • Conducting electrical charges within your body
  • Regulating muscle contraction 
  • Strengthening muscles and bones
  • Regulating pH
  • Transmitting nerve signals 
  • And more

LMNT salt packet mixed with water in glass cups with salted rims

Why Electrolytes Can Make or Break a Fast

So, what do electrolytes have to do with fasting?

First, it’s important to understand that when you stop feeding your body, it doesn’t mean your metabolism and physiological functions shut off. In fact, the whole purpose of fasting is to give your body a chance to do something else with its energy other than digest food. Therefore, cutting back on dietary intake actually upregulates several processes in your body that increase physiological activities – some of which cause a loss of electrolytes. 

For example, the fasting process increases the production of energy molecules known as ketones. If you’re unfamiliar, ketones come in after several hours of fasting to replace glucose as your primary fuel source. However, if you’re new to fasting, your body may take some time before it can use ketones efficiently, which means that initially, you’ll lose quite a few ketones in your urine.

Ketones are anions (meaning they have a negative charge), and as you lose them via kidney excretion, they like to take cations (positively charged molecules) with them. Guess which two cations are their favorites? Sodium and potassium[1]. 

This means that when you begin your fasting journey, you need extra potassium and sodium to level off your electrolyte balance. 

Another physiological shift that happens during fasting is a natural reduction in insulin. As your body shifts from using glucose to ketones in the fasted state, insulin is no longer necessary to manage your glucose levels, which means you’ll find a lower amount of this hormone in your blood. Due to the relationship between sodium and insulin, sodium is lost via your kidneys as insulin levels drop. That’s a double-whammy for sodium[5][6].

As your electrolytes become imbalanced, it can create a range of unpleasant symptoms, often termed “keto flu.” Keto flu symptoms can make fasting feel like trudging through mud instead of giving you the lift in energy that it’s meant to. Some common keto flu symptoms include[7]:

  • Headache
  • Fatigue 
  • Nausea
  • Dizziness
  • Brain fog
  • GI discomfort
  • Constipation
  • Diarrhea 
  • Body aches
  • Low appetite
  • Insomnia
  • Increased thirst
  • Muscle soreness or weakness
  • Depressed mood 

Pretty demoralizing, right?

Well, here’s the good news; if you want to avoid keto flu and soar through your fasting periods with ease, all you need is the right balance of electrolytes to keep you steady. 

LMNT Sodium infographic about usefulness of sodium in the body

Finding The Right Electrolytes For You

While you can get a good portion of your electrolytes through your diet, eating food isn’t an option when fasting. Furthermore, due to the depletion of our soil quality, electrolytes tend to be low in most of our foods anyway. This is why every fasting regimen should come with a side of electrolyte supplements. 

But which one do you pick? 

Today, there are hundreds of electrolytes on the market, each claiming to have the ideal ratio of minerals. Unfortunately, most of them are either looking at faulty research, no research, or they’re just throwing some electrolytes into a mix with a hefty dose of sugar and preservatives. So here are a few points to keep in mind when looking for electrolyte supplements:

Avoid Products That Contain Sugar

If you’re trying to get electrolytes in while you fast, it’s a good idea to make sure that your product doesn’t contain any unnecessary calories, especially calories coming from sugar. Many electrolyte companies add sugar to enhance flavor and boost energy (for athletes), so keep an eye on your ingredient labels. 

Look For Supplements That Contain Sodium, Potassium, and Magnesium

First and foremost, and this may come as a shocker, if you’re fasting regularly, you probably need much more sodium than you’re getting in your diet. 

Why? 

As you already learned, the process of fasting naturally increases your sodium loss. And while many health professionals today will tell you that you’re likely already consuming too much sodium, the truth is that less sodium is not necessarily a good thing. In fact, the Framingham Offspring Study found that lower levels of sodium (less than 2.5 grams per day) were actually linked to higher blood pressure than higher levels of sodium[8]. 

Furthermore, research examining 48 global populations found no link between sodium intake and blood pressure[9]. With this in mind, the natural sodium loss that comes with fasting may put you at risk for blood pressure issues, so prioritizing this electrolyte is crucial for anyone trying out the fasting lifestyle. 

Potassium is another electrolyte that’s naturally lost with fasting, especially in the beginning, so you’ll want to ensure you’re getting enough potassium to replete your body while also balancing out your sodium. And finally, magnesium is an electrolyte mineral already known as a “nutrient of concern” in the US due to our generally low intake through diet[10]. 

Steer Clear Of Fillers

It’s shocking to look at the ingredient list on some of the most popular electrolyte mixes. Why are there 40 ingredients when you only need a handful of nutrients? Many companies add weird preservatives and fillers to their products to extend shelf life and make them taste better – good for sales, not good for your body. 

Takeaway

Electrolytes are essential nutrients that your body needs whether you’re fasting or not, but they can absolutely make or break your fasting experience. As your body goes to work to clean up cellular debris and keep you feeling at your best, it runs through electrolytes like nobody’s business, so make sure you’re replenishing these precious nutrients regularly. 

My personal go-to for electrolytes is LMNT. This company not only loads you up with sodium but they also include a perfect balance of potassium and magnesium. And, of course, they include zero sugar and fillers, which means you get a clean product that’s optimized for fasting. It’s truly a gem among the electrolyte supplement chaos. 

If you’re interested in trying them out, they’ll send you a free sample pack of each of their eight flavors with your first order when you follow this link. 

LMNT Sodium infographic about contents of their salt packets

References 

  1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541123/
  2. Stedwell, Ray E., Kevin M. Allen, and Louis S. Binder. “Hypokalemic paralyses: a review of the etiologies, pathophysiology, presentation, and therapy.” The American journal of emergency medicine 10.2 (1992): 143-148.
  3. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/21790-electrolytes
  4. Shrimanker, Isha, and Sandeep Bhattarai. “Electrolytes.” (2019).
  5. DeFronzo, R. A. “The effect of insulin on renal sodium metabolism: a review with clinical implications.” Diabetologia 21 (1981): 165-171.
  6. Sigler, M. H. “The mechanism of the natriuresis of fasting.” The Journal of Clinical Investigation 55.2 (1975): 377-387.
  7. Bostock, Emmanuelle, et al. “Consumer reports of “keto flu” associated with the ketogenic diet.” Frontiers in nutrition (2020): 20.
  8. Moore, Lynn L., Martha R. Singer, and M. Loring Bradlee. “Low sodium intakes are not associated with lower blood pressure levels among Framingham Offspring Study Adults.” The FASEB Journal 31 (2017): 446-6.
  9. Intersalt Cooperative Research Group. “Intersalt: an international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion.” BMJ: British Medical Journal (1988): 319-328.
  10. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ 

Reduce EMF Exposure With Depolarization

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In our modern, interconnected world, we rely heavily on electronic devices like smartphones, laptops, and Wi-Fi networks. While these advancements have undoubtedly improved our lives, they come with a serious downside – EMF radiation.

While some people remain skeptical, the research showing potential harm related to EMF exposure continues to pile up. And to make matters worse, now we’re dealing with 5G towers popping up all over the place, creating a level of EMF radiation that’s far greater than anything we’ve ever dealt with.  

In this article I’m going to walk you through my quick tips for reducing EMF exposure, then share one of the most powerful EMF-mitigation techniques I’ve found to date; depolarization. 

Understanding EMFs and Their Impact

EMFs are invisible energy fields created by the flow of electric current. They’re categorized into two types: ionizing (high frequency) and non-ionizing (low frequency)[*].  

Figure 1. Non-Ionizing Radiation. (Utah Department of Environmental Quality, 2022, April, 12.) 

Ionizing EMFs are things like x-rays and radioactive waste that people commonly associate with as hazardous. Pretty much everyone is on board with the fact that these types of radiation should be avoided or minimized at all costs.  

Non-ionizing EMFs, on the other hand, include those emitted by our everyday devices like cell phones, wifi, smart TVs, electric cars, etc. While non-ionizing EMFs have long been touted as safe, they’ve raised some serious concerns as of late due to their potential negative biological effects. In fact, there’s a condition known as “electromagnetic hypersensitivity,” which describes how non-ionizing radiation can impact the human nervous system[*]. 

Some of the side effects of electromagnetic hypersensitivity include: 

  • Headaches 
  • Fatigue 
  • Disrupted sleep
  • Impaired immunity
  • Achy joints
  • Emotional stress
  • Eye problems 
  • Memory loss 
  • And more 

The Real Deal With Cell Phones 

EMFs are everywhere these days, but one of the most commonly used EMF-producing devices is that cell phone of yours that you carry with you all day. Of course, just like all other potentially harmful products, there’s a lot of controversy over how dangerous cell phones actually are. 

While the FCC states that “cellphones comply with federal limits of radiofrequency radiation,” an investigation by the Chicago Tribune found that nine out of the ten phones tested surpassed legal limits. Two of these phones included the iPhone 7 & galaxy s8[*]. 

Surprised? Well, maybe it’s the fact that the FCC hasn’t updated its guidelines for radiation safety limits for the public since 1996 – that’s about 27 years’ worth of tech advancement unaccounted for in public health. 

Impact On Children 

While we all need to be careful with the amount of radiation we encounter, our children are at the most significant risk for harm. 

Why?

Children are particularly susceptible to EMF harm because their brains are still developing, and their skulls are much thinner and smaller than a grown adult’s. Check out the images below from a study by Georgia Southern University; there’s a staggering amount of EMF radiation absorbed into the brain of a five-year-old compared to an adult – it’s frightening[*]. (Nasim, Imtiaz. (2019) Analysis of Human EMF Exposure in 5G Cellular Systems. Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1923. https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/1923?)

 Figure 3. Exposure to EMF field effects in the human brain. (Nasim, Imtiaz. (2019)? 

Quick Tips to Reduce EMF Exposure

Clearly, we have a serious problem here, and although the obvious solution would be government crackdowns on the use of EMF-emitting devices – that’s not happening any time soon. So, what’s the solution? Take matters into your own hands. 

Below are a handful of helpful tips and tricks I use to cut down on my everyday EMF exposure:

  1. Cut Down on EMF Devices: Get rid of any unnecessary appliances and reduce your use of the worst offenders. 
  2. Say No to Smart Meters: Smart meters are constantly communicating back to the electric companies creating unnecessary radiation in your space. 
  3. Make the Move From Wireless to Wired: Use shielded Ethernet cables and change your home phone from cordless to corded. 
  4. Get Rid of Fluorescent Light Bulbs, Older LEDs & Track Lighting: They emit the most dirty electricity. 
  5. Think Carefully Where You Put Your Wifi Router: Far from where you spend the majority of your time, avoid keeping it in your bedroom and always turn it off at night. 
  6. Put Space Between Your Bed and the Wall: Leave at least 8 inches of space between your bed and the walls around it. This helps to create distance between any magnetic fields emitted by internal wiring. 
  7. Use Airplane Mode Whenever You’re Not Using Your Device: Especially if you’re keeping it close to your body or in your pocket. 
  8. Limit Children’s Exposure to Wifi & Devices: Children’s brains are not fully developed and are much smaller than adults, therefore making them highly susceptible to radiation.
  9. Reduce Time Exposure & Create Distance: Use your phone on speaker when possible and keep your calls to a minimum. 
  10. Avoid Bluetooth: Whenever possible, turn off Bluetooth on the computer and mobile and avoid Bluetooth headphones. If possible, purchase airtube headphones.  

Upgrade Your EMF Protection with Depolarization  

The above techniques offer a fantastic place to start, but after quite a bit of research, I’ve found that the best way to mitigate EMF harm is through a process called depolarization.

Depolarization is different from any other EMF protection on the market as it uses the fundamentals of biophysics. This concept started with a study by Dr. Dimitris Panagopoulos (2019), who exposed mice to polarized, man-made radiation and found that this increased the biological age of the mice. When he exposed the mice to unpolarized radiation, on the other hand, he found that it diminished the adverse biological effects.

By un-polarizing the harmful (polarized) man-made radiation, it created a naturalized state. You see, natural radiation occurs on Earth and does not have the same harmful effects as man-made radiation. An example of this would be sunlight or the light created by a flame. 

The best part is that by depolarizing the radiation, instead of shielding it completely, we can still use our technology without compromising the signal. Technology isn’t going anywhere, so these depolarizing products are the perfect solution to work safely with this man-made problem.  

At this point, you’re probably wondering how you can go about depolarizing your EMFs. This is where an innovative company called NOA|AON comes in. NOA|AON created a line of Waveguard products that use depolarization to create a safe working area, or “toroidal field,” around the space in which it is placed, removing the negative biological effects of man-made radiation. 

In an independent study by Dartsch Scientific, Waveguard products were shown to effectively depolarize up to 90% of the harmful radiation emitted by mobile phones, reducing the risk of cellular damage and other negative effects on the human body[*]. 

I’ve personally found Waveguard to be incredibly helpful not only for my peace of mind but for my own sensitivities to EMFs. But don’t take my word for it; they’re so confident in their technology that they offer a 30 days results guaranteed money-back trial. And if you’re interested in giving it a go, you’ll get 10% off when you use the code DAVE  at checkout, with a bonus educational webinar highlighting the truth about EMFs. 

Takeaway

If you are experiencing any unexplained health issues, EMF radiation could be the invisible culprit. I personally suffered from chronic fatigue, brain fog, and insomnia in the past from EMFs emitted from my wireless devices. As we increasingly rely on technology, understanding and addressing the potential health risks associated with EMF exposure becomes vital. I believe that taking control of your own health and environment is non-negotiable, and Waveguard by NOA|AON has been a way for me to keep up and stay productive in a fast-paced tech world while knowing my health isn’t compromised.  

References 

  1. Utah Department of Environmental Quality. (2022, April, 12). Non-Ionizing Radiation. Retrieved June 29, 2023, from https://deq.utah.gov/waste-management-and-radiation-control/non-ionizing-radiation 
  1. Dr. Trower, B. (2020, February 3). The Truth About 5G & Wifi – EMF effect on the Human Brain [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPWr9Zdai0g? 
  1. World Health Organization. (2011, May 31). IARC Classifies Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields as Possibly Carcinogenic to Humans. Retrieved from https://www.iarc.who.int/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/pr208_E.pdf 
  1. Nasim, Imtiaz. (2019) Analysis of Human EMF Exposure in 5G Cellular Systems. Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1923. https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/1923??? 
  2. Dartsch Scientific (2019). Neutralisation of mobile phone radiation by Qi-Shield” Examinations with cultured connective tissue fibroblasts. Retrieved from https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0549/1399/0879/files/DARTSCH_Study_Finds_Qi-Shield_Device_Highly_Effective_in_Neutralizing_Non-Thermal_Radiation_from_Active_Mobile_Phones_by_up_to_90_Boosting_Cell_Regeneration_and_Wound_Healing_for_Impr.pdf?v=1683634057  
  3. Dartsch Scientific (2019). Beneficial effects of water after enrichment with electrons by Qi-Home Cell” – Investigations with cultured cells. Retrieved from. https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0549/1399/0879/files/DARTSCH_Study_Shows_Qi_Water_Enriched_with_Electrons_Has_Antioxidative_and_Anti-inflammatory_Effects_Recommended_for_Improved_Well-being..pdf?v=1683634055
  4. BION, Institute for Bioelectromagnetics and New Biology, Ltd. (2019). Summary Report on Testing Protective Influence on Human Organism Against Wireless Router Radiation. Retrieved From. https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0549/1399/0879/files/BION_Scientific_Testing_Shows_Statistically_Significant_Effects_of_Qi-Shield_Device_in_Protecting_Human_Organism_Against_Wireless_Router_Radiation_Meeting_Certification_Criteria.pdf?v=1683634055 
  5. BION, Institute for Bioelectromagnetics and New Biology, Ltd. (2019). Summary Report on Testing Protective Influence on Germinating Bean Seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris) Against Wireless Router Radiation for the Product Qi-Shield. Retrieved From. https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0549/1399/0879/files/BION_Study_Demonstrates_Qi-Shield_s_Effectiveness_in_Shielding_Against_Wi-Fi_Radiation_and_Inducing_Physiological_Changes_in_Germinating_Seeds.pdf?v=1683634054 
  6. Fraunhofer (2021). A neurophysiological and psychological study to evaluate the effects of the Device Qi-Shield. Retrieved from. https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0549/1399/0879/files/FRANUHOFER_Study_Identifies_Potential_for_Positive_Effects_of_Qi-Shield_on_Frontal_Theta_Power..pdf?v=1683634057 
  7. IIREC Dr. Medinger e.U.  Mag. Dr. Walter Hannes Medinger. (2017). Test Report and Certificate on the Effect of the Product «Qi-Home Cell» in a magnetic field with geopathic distortion and upon water. Retrieved from. https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0549/1399/0879/files/IIREC_Expert_confirms_measurable_and_biologically_relevant_effects_of_Qi-Home_Cell_on_balancing_magnetic_fields.pdf?v=1683650614
  8. Panagopoulos, D. J. (2019). Comparing DNA Damage Induced by Mobile Telephony and Other Types of Man-Made Electromagnetic Fields. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 781(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.03.003 
  9. Dartsch Scientific. (2019, December 31). Neutralisation of mobile phone radiation by Qi-Shield. Retrieved from https://noaaon.com/pages/science 
  10. Fraunhofer (2021). A neurophysiological and psychological study to evaluate the effects of the Device Qi-Shield. Retrieved from. https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0549/1399/0879/files/FRANUHOFER_Study_Identifies_Potential_for_Positive_Effects_of_Qi-Shield_on_Frontal_Theta_Power..pdf?v=1683634057
  11. IIREC Dr. Medinger e.U.  Mag. Dr. Walter Hannes Medinger. (2017). Test Report and Certificate on the Effect of the Product «Qi-Home Cell» in a magnetic field with geopathic distortion and upon water. Retrieved from. https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0549/1399/0879/files/IIREC_Expert_confirms_measurable_and_biologically_relevant_effects_of_Qi-Home_Cell_on_balancing_magnetic_fields.pdf?v=1683650614
  12. Panagopoulos, D. J. (2019). Comparing DNA Damage Induced by Mobile Telephony and Other Types of Man-Made Electromagnetic Fields. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 781(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.03.003
  13. Dartsch Scientific. (2019, December 31). Neutralisation of mobile phone radiation by Qi-Shield. Retrieved from https://noaaon.com/pages/science

Do Nitric Oxide Products Actually Work?

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Nitric oxide products have become increasingly popular over the past 20 years. In fact, if you throw a search for nitric oxide supplements into Google, you’ll get over 35 million results in just 1.08 seconds. 

But do any of these products actually work?

With every label claiming the same benefits, it can get tricky to distinguish which supplements actually do the job and which ones are just taking up space. 

In this article, we’re going to parse out what it takes for a nitric oxide supplement to actually work and why this category of products is one of the trickiest to navigate. 

What’s The Role Of Nitric Oxide In Your Body?

Before we jump into the topic of N.O. supplements, let’s first look at why so many people are adding N.O. to their dietary regimen in the first place. 

Here are some fast facts on the essential roles that N.O. plays in your body:

  • N.O. regulates blood flow, nutrient, and oxygen delivery to every cell[1]. 
  • N.O. signals your stem cells to mobilize to go and repair or replace old cells [2].
  • N.O. controls how well your mitochondria produce cellular energy [3]. 
  • And perhaps most important of all – N.O. is what controls and regulates erections [4].

Now, if you know me, then you know that one of my primary goals in life is to extend my years here as long as possible. Pretty much anything I speak or write about boils down to one thing: longevity. 

So how does nitric oxide impact longevity?

Regulation of blood flow affects every organ system in your body. In fact, some researchers believe that it’s the loss of blood flow regulation that could be responsible for the vast majority of health conditions that come with aging[5][6][7]. 

Every cell in your body requires certain nutrients and metabolites to do its job. And it’s the job of nitric oxide to open up the blood vessels that serve those individual tissues and cells to ensure each cell gets what it needs to function optimally.  

In normal healthy individuals, your body makes sufficient nitric oxide to get the job done. 

However, as we age, our body loses its ability to synthesize nitric oxide[8][9][10]. We call this endothelial dysfunction, as N.O. production is the main function of our endothelial cells (the cells that line every blood vessel throughout the body).

It makes sense, then, that if we could keep our N.O. flowing as we age, our cells and tissues would likely be much happier. This is precisely where nitric oxide supplements enter the scene – and it’s also where things start to get a bit tricky. 

How Do You Choose The Best Nitric Oxide Supplement?

As mentioned, there’s no shortage of options out there for N.O. supplements, but which ones are worth the money? It comes down to two things:

  1. How well your body is suited to taking a nitric oxide supplement.
  2. The form of nitric oxide you’re getting. 

While the products may all look similar, there are actually four main categories of N.O. supplements, and knowing which one you’re taking is vital. 

The Four Forms Of Nitric Oxide Supplements 

  1. Products that contain L-arginine and/or L-citrulline

Your body converts citrulline to arginine and then converts arginine to nitric oxide. In theory, taking these two nutrients would increase your production of N.O., but it’s not so simple. 

Studies suggest that your body typically makes sufficient levels of L-arginine to fully saturate the binding site of the NOS enzyme [11]. 

This means that taking excess arginine or citrulline would likely have a limited impact on N.O. production since these nutrients are not the rate-limiting step in the process. Furthermore, some research suggests that high-dose L-arginine may pose potential health risks [12][13][14].  

  1. Beetroot-based products. 

While it’s always nice to get our nutrients straight for the source – food – sometimes we need a harder hit. On the one hand, consuming beetroot is known to increase nitric oxide in your body. On the other hand, most of the beetroot products out there don’t contain sufficient nitrate or nitrite to produce appreciable amounts of nitric oxide. While beetroot products likely won’t hurt, you’re really not getting your bang for your buck with this one. 

  1. Nitrate-based products. 

Several companies are selling capsules that contain potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate. Unfortunately, these products don’t work in the majority of the population due to low levels of nitrate-reducing bacteria in the mouth[15]. 

You see, on our own, humans are unable to metabolize nitrates; we require the presence of nitrate-reducing bacteria to metabolize nitrate into nitrite and nitric oxide [16]. Why are we all so deficient in this bacteria?

In America alone, over 200 million people use antiseptic mouthwash daily. These mouthwashes have been shown to kill the good nitrate-reducing bacteria and actually cause an increase in blood pressure [17][18][19]. 

Furthermore, many more Americans have active oral infections that disrupt the normal oral microbiome and disrupt nitrate reduction to N.O. As a result, a nitrate-based product may only work in less than a third of the population. Nitrate is an important nutrient, but only if you can metabolize it to nitric oxide. 

  1. Products that produce N.O. gas. 

This is a relatively new category of products that cut through the issues presented by the other N.O. options out there. When a product produces N.O. gas directly, you don’t have to mess with nutrients like arginine that your body doesn’t need any more of, and your oral microbiome won’t play a role in N.O. gas production – so no worries there. Finally, since these products produce N.O. gas directly, you can be sure that you’re actually getting your money’s worth – unlike the vast majority of beetroot-based products on the market [20][21].  

N.O. gas-producing products come in a few different packages, for example: 

  • In the form of a lozenge that releases nitric oxide gas as it dissolves in the mouth (completely independent of the oral microbiome or stomach acid). 
  • Powder forms that generate nitric oxide gas when dissolved in water and taken as a shot. 
  • Topically, delivering N.O. through your skin. 

Personally, I’m not particularly eager to waste time or money, which is why my go-to for nitric oxide supplements comes from Pneuma Nitric Oxide. Their “Nutriceuticals” are research-backed and produce impressive levels of N.O. gas without any of the aforementioned complications. You can go the powder route, take it in the form of a lozenge, or get your N.O. topically – whatever feels like the best option for you. If you want to give them a whirl, check out their products at www.N1O1.com, and use the coupon code DAVE to get 10% off and free shipping within the continental US. 

Takeaway  

Nitric oxide is a crucial nutrient that plays a myriad of roles in health and longevity. When N.O. is low, your cells simply can’t get sufficient resources for optimal function. If you’re already on the nitric oxide bandwagon but have been messing around with beetroot powders and amino acids supplements, it’s time to step up your game. 

And for anyone considering which nitric oxide supplement to go with, you know my pick.  

References 

  1. Moncada, S., R.M.J. Palmer, and A. Higgs, Nitric oxide:  physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev, 1991. 43(2): p. 109-142.
  2. Aicher, A., et al., Essential role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase for mobilization of stem and progenitor cells. Nat Med, 2003. 9(11): p. 1370-6.
  3. Nisoli, E., et al., Mitochondrial biogenesis in mammals: the role of endogenous nitric oxide. Science, 2003. 299(5608): p. 896-9.
  4. Burnett, A.L., et al., Nitric oxide: a physiologic mediator of penile erection. Science, 1992. 257(5068): p. 401-3.
  5. Torregrossa, A.C., M. Aranke, and N.S. Bryan, Nitric oxide and geriatrics:  Implications in diagnostics and treatment of the elderly. Journal of Geriatric Cardiology, 2011. 8: p. 230-242.
  6. Burnett, A.L., The role of nitric oxide in erectile dysfunction: implications for medical therapy. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2006. 8(12 Suppl 4): p. 53-62.
  7. Bryan, N.S., et al., Dietary nitrite restores NO homeostasis and is cardioprotective in endothelial nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice. Free Radic Biol Med, 2008. 45(4): p. 468-74.
  8. Egashira, K., et al., Effects of age on endothelium-dependent vasodilation of resistance coronary artery by acetylcholine in humans. Circulation, 1993. 88(1): p. 77-81.
  9. Gerhard, M., et al., Aging progressively impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilation in forearm resistance vessels of humans. Hypertension, 1996. 27(4): p. 849-53.
  10. Taddei, S., et al., Age-related reduction of NO availability and oxidative stress in humans. Hypertension, 2001. 38(2): p. 274-9.
  11. Erez, A., et al., Requirement of argininosuccinate lyase for systemic nitric oxide production. Nat Med, 2011. 17(12): p. 1619-26.
  12. Hibbs, J.B., Jr., R.R. Taintor, and Z. Vavrin, Macrophage cytotoxicity: role for L-arginine deiminase and imino nitrogen oxidation to nitrite. Science, 1987. 235(4787): p. 473-6.
  13. Schulman, S.P., et al., L-arginine therapy in acute myocardial infarction: the Vascular Interaction With Age in Myocardial Infarction (VINTAGE MI) randomized clinical trial. Jama, 2006. 295(1): p. 58-64.
  14. Wilson, A.M., et al., L-arginine supplementation in peripheral arterial disease: no benefit and possible harm. Circulation, 2007. 116(2): p. 188-95.
  15. Duncan, C., et al., Chemical generation of nitric oxide in the mouth from the enterosalivary circulation of dietary nitrate. Nat Med, 1995. 1(6): p. 546-51.
  16. Doel, J.J., et al., Evaluation of bacterial nitrate reduction in the human oral cavity. Eur J Oral Sci, 2005. 113(1): p. 14-9.
  17. Kapil, V., et al., Physiological role for nitrate-reducing oral bacteria in blood pressure control. Free Radic Biol Med, 2013. 55: p. 93-100.
  18. Tribble, G.D., et al., Frequency of Tongue Cleaning Impacts the Human Tongue Microbiome Composition and Enterosalivary Circulation of Nitrate. Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2019. 9: p. 39.
  19. Bryan, N.S., G. Tribble, and N. Angelov, Oral Microbiome and Nitric Oxide: the Missing Link in the Management of Blood Pressure. Curr Hypertens Rep, 2017. 19(4): p. 33.
  20. Tang, Y., et al., Nitric oxide bioactivity of traditional Chinese medicines used for cardiovascular indications. Free Radic Biol Med, 2009. 47(6): p. 835-40.
  21. Bryan, N.S., Functional Nitric Oxide Nutrition to Combat Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep, 2018. 20(5): p. 21.

 

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