Comprehensive Mold Toxin Research

Ochratoxin Medical Literature

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Hope Janette H., Hope Bradley E.. A review of the diagnosis and treatment of Ochratoxin A inhalational exposure associated with human illness and kidney disease including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Journal of environmental and public health. 2012;2012.

Khoury André, Atoui Ali. Ochratoxin a: general overview and actual molecular status. Toxins. 2010;2:461–493.

Pfohl-Leszkowicz Annie, Manderville Richard A.. Ochratoxin A: An overview on toxicity and carcinogenicity in animals and humans. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2007;51:61–99.

O?Brien Evelyn, Dietrich Daniel R.. Ochratoxin A: the continuing enigma. Critical reviews in toxicology. 2005;35:33–60.

Petzinger E., Ziegler K.. Ochratoxin A from a toxicological perspective. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. 2000;23:91–98.

Marquardt R. R., Frohlich A. A.. A review of recent advances in understanding ochratoxicosis. Journal of animal science. 1992;70:3968–3988.

Kuiper-Goodman T., Scott P. M.. Risk assessment of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A. Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES. 1989;2:179–248.

Massaro A., Mantovani A.. [Ochratoxin A: toxicologic problems and risks for public health]. Annali dell?Istituto superiore di sanità. 1988;24:613–620.

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Prabu P. C., Dwivedi P., Sharma A. K.. Toxicopathological studies on the effects of aflatoxin B(1), ochratoxin A and their interaction in New Zealand White rabbits. Experimental and toxicologic pathology. 2013;65:277–286.

Shen Xiao Li L., Zhang Yu, Xu Wentao, et al. An iTRAQ-based mitoproteomics approach for profiling the nephrotoxicity mechanisms of ochratoxin A in HEK 293 cells. Journal of proteomics. 2013;78:398–415.

Stachurska Anna, Ciesla Maciej, Kozakowska Magdalena, et al. Cross-talk between microRNAs, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2, and heme oxygenase-1 in ochratoxin A induced toxic effects in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2013;57:504–515.

Pleadin Jelka, Perši Nina, Mitak Mario, et al. Biochemical changes in pig serum after ochratoxin A exposure. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology. 2012;88:1043–1047.

Hmaissia Khlifa K., Ghali R., Mazigh C., Aouni Z., Machgoul S., Hedhili A.. Ochratoxin A levels in human serum and foods from nephropathy patients in Tunisia: where are you now? Experimental and toxicologic pathology. 2012;64:509–512.

Kumar Manoj, Dwivedi Prabhaker, Sharma Anil Kumar K., Sankar Muthu, Patil Rajendra D., Singh Nittin Dev D.. Apoptosis and lipid peroxidation in ochratoxin A- and citrinin-induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits. Toxicology and industrial health. 2012.

Jilani Kashif, Lupescu Adrian, Zbidah Mohanad, Abed Majed, Shaik Nazneen, Lang Florian. Enhanced apoptotic death of erythrocytes induced by the mycotoxin ochratoxin A. Kidney & blood pressure research. 2012;36:107–118.

Sorrenti Valeria, Di Giacomo Claudia, Acquaviva Rosaria, et al. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase/nitric oxide synthase pathway in liver and kidney: protective effect of cyanidin 3-O-?-D-glucoside on ochratoxin-A toxicity. Toxins. 2012;4:353–363.

Li Zengning, Zhang Xianghong, Cui Jinfeng, Kang Weijun. Assessment on pollution of Ochratoxin A in grain in China and its apoptosis effect on vitro-cultured human tubular kidney cells. Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology. 2012;26:139–146.

Hennemeier Isabell, Humpf Hans-Ulrich U., Gekle Michael, Schwerdt Gerald. The food contaminant and nephrotoxin ochratoxin A enhances Wnt1 inducible signaling protein 1 and tumor necrosis factor-? expression in human primary proximal tubule cells. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2012;56:1375–1384.

Stoev Stoycho D., Gundasheva Dimitrina, Zarkov Ivan, et al. Experimental mycotoxic nephropathy in pigs provoked by a mouldy diet containing ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1. Experimental and toxicologic pathology. 2012;64:733–741.

Klari? Maja Segvi? S., Zelježi? Davor, Rumora Lada, Peraica Maja, Pepeljnjak Stjepan, Domijan Ana-Marija M.. A potential role of calcium in apoptosis and aberrant chromatin forms in porcine kidney PK15 cells induced by individual and combined ochratoxin A and citrinin. Archives of toxicology. 2012;86:97–107.

Jennings Paul, Weiland Christina, Limonciel Alice, et al. Transcriptomic alterations induced by Ochratoxin A in rat and human renal proximal tubular in vitro models and comparison to a rat in vivo model. Archives of toxicology. 2012;86:571–589.

Taniai Eriko, Hayashi Hitomi, Yafune Atsunori, et al. Cellular distribution of cell cyclerelated molecules in the renal tubules of rats treated with renal carcinogens for 28 days: relationship between cell cycle aberration and carcinogenesis. Archives of toxicology. 2012;86:1453–1464.

Mally Angela. Ochratoxin a and mitotic disruption: mode of action analysis of renal tumor formation by ochratoxin A. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology. 2012;127:315–330.

Radford Robert, Slattery Craig, Jennings Paul, et al. Carcinogens induce loss of the primary cilium in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells independently of effects on the cell cycle. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology. 2012;302. Jutabha Promsuk, Anzai Naohiko, Hayashi Keitaro, et al. A novel human organic anion transporter NPT4 mediates the transport of ochratoxin A. Journal of pharmacological sciences. 2011;116:392–396.

Zaied Chiraz, Bouaziz Chayma, Azizi Islam, et al. Presence of ochratoxin A in Tunisian blood nephropathy patients. Exposure level to OTA. Experimental and toxicologic pathology. 2011;63:613–618.

Duarte Sofia Cancela C., Pena Angelina, Lino Celeste Matos M.. Human ochratoxin a biomarkers–from exposure to effect. Critical reviews in toxicology. 2011;41:187–212. Stachurska Anna, Kozakowska Magdalena, Jozkowicz Alicja, Dulak Jozef, Loboda Agnieszka. Aristolochic acid I and ochratoxin A differentially regulate VEGF expression in porcine kidney epithelial cells–the involvement of SP-1 and HIFs transcription factors. Toxicology letters. 2011;204:118–126.

Desalegn Biruck, Nanayakkara Shanika, Harada Kouji H., et al. Mycotoxin detection in urine samples from patients with chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology in Sri Lanka. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology. 2011;87:6–10.

Vettorazzi Ariane, Trocóniz Iñaki Fernández F., González-Peñas Elena, et al. Kidney and liver distribution of ochratoxin A in male and female F344 rats. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2011;49:1935–1942.

Mili?evi? Dragan, Jovanovi? Milijan, Matekalo-Sverak Vesna, Radicevi? Tatjana, Petrovi? Milan M., Lili? Slobodan. A survey of spontaneous occurrence of ochratoxin A residues in chicken tissues and concurrence with histopathological changes in liver and kidneys. Journal of environmental science and health. Part C, Environmental carcinogenesis & ecotoxicology reviews. 2011;29:159–175.

Hibi Daisuke, Suzuki Yuta, Ishii Yuji, et al. Site-specific in vivo mutagenicity in the kidney of gpt delta rats given a carcinogenic dose of ochratoxin A. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology. 2011;122:406–414.

Li Jinghua, Yin Shutao, Dong Yinhui, Fan Lihong, Hu Hongbo. p53 activation inhibits ochratoxin A-induced apoptosis in monkey and human kidney epithelial cells via suppression of JNK activation. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2011;411:458–463.

Abdu Suzan, Ali Awatif, Ansari Shatha. Cytotoxic effect of ochratoxin A on the renal corpuscles of rat kidney: could ochratoxin A cause kidney failure? Histology and histopathology. 2011;26:543–549.

Ellis James Keith K., Athersuch Toby James J., Cavill Rachel, et al. Metabolic response to low-level toxicant exposure in a novel renal tubule epithelial cell system. Molecular bioSystems. 2011;7:247–257.

Mantle Peter G., Dobrota Miloslav, Gillett Cheryl E., Odell Edward W., Pinder Sarah E.. Oncological outcomes in rats given nephrocarcinogenic exposure to dietary ochratoxin a, followed by the tumour promoter sodium barbital for life: a pilot study. Toxins. 2010;2:552–571.

Golli-Bennour Emna El E., Kouidhi Bochra, Bouslimi Amel, Abid-Essefi Salwa, Hassen Wafa, Bacha Hassen. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, and their combination in cultured Vero cells. Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology. 2010;24:42–50.

Hoffmann Dana, Fuchs Tobias C., Henzler Tanja, et al. Evaluation of a urinary kidney biomarker panel in rat models of acute and subchronic nephrotoxicity. Toxicology. 2010;277:49–58.

Mantle Peter G., Amerasinghe Cyrille, Brown Amy L., et al. A pilot study of nuclear instability in archived renal and upper urinary tract tumours with putative ochratoxin aetiology. Toxins. 2010;2:326–340.

Stoev S. D., Dutton M. F., Njobeh P. B., Mosonik J. S., Steenkamp P. A.. Mycotoxic nephropathy in Bulgarian pigs and chickens: complex aetiology and similarity to Balkan endemic nephropathy. Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment. 2010;27:72–88.

Mantle Peter G., McHugh Katharine M., Fincham John E.. Contrasting nephropathic responses to oral administration of extract of cultured Penicillium polonicum in rat and primate. Toxins. 2010;2:2083–2097.

Anzai Naohiko, Jutabha Promsuk, Endou Hitoshi. Molecular mechanism of ochratoxin a transport in the kidney. Toxins. 2010;2:1381–1398.

Mantle Peter G., Nolan Christopher C.. Pathological outcomes in kidney and brain in male Fischer rats given dietary ochratoxin A, commencing at one year of age. Toxins. 2010;2:1100–1110.

Mantle Peter, Kulinskaya Elena. Lifetime, low-dose ochratoxin A dietary study on renal carcinogenesis in male Fischer rats. Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment. 2010;27:1566–1573.

Aoudia N., Callu P., Grosjean F., Larondelle Y.. Effectiveness of mycotoxin sequestration activity of micronized wheat fibres on distribution of ochratoxin A in plasma, liver and kidney of piglets fed a naturally contaminated diet. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2009;47:1485–1489.

Schwerdt Gerald, Holzinger Hildegard, Königs Maika, Humpf Hans-Ulrich U., Gekle Michael. Effect of ochratoxin A on cell survival and collagen homeostasis in human mesangial cells in primary culture. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2009;47:209–213.

Domijan Ana-Marija M., Peraica Maja, Markov Ksenija, Fuchs Radovan. Urine ochratoxin a and sphinganine/sphingosine ratio in residents of the endemic nephropathy area in Croatia. Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju. 2009;60:387–393.

Pfohl-Leszkowicz Annie. Ochratoxin A and aristolochic acid involvement in nephropathies and associated urothelial tract tumours. Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju. 2009;60:465–483.

Boesch-Saadatmandi C., Wagner A. E., Graeser A. C., Hundhausen C., Wolffram S., Rimbach G.. Ochratoxin A impairs Nrf2-dependent gene expression in porcine kidney tubulus cells. Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition. 2009;93:547–554.

Zlender Vilim, Breljak Davorka, Ljubojevi? Marija, et al. Low doses of ochratoxin A upregulate the protein expression of organic anion transporters Oat1, Oat2, Oat3 and Oat5 in rat kidney cortex. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2009;239:284–296.

Mantle Peter G.. Minimum tolerable exposure period and maximum threshold dietary intake of ochratoxin A for causing renal cancer in male Dark Agouti rats. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2009;47:2419–2424.

Stemmer Kerstin, Ellinger-Ziegelbauer Heidrun, Ahr Hans-Jürgen J., Dietrich Daniel R.. Molecular characterization of preneoplastic lesions provides insight on the development of renal tumors. The American journal of pathology. 2009;175:1686–1698.

Bouslimi Amel, Bouaziz Chayma, Ayed-Boussema Imen, Hassen Wafa, Bacha Hassen. Individual and combined effects of ochratoxin A and citrinin on viability and DNA fragmentation in cultured Vero cells and on chromosome aberrations in mice bone marrow cells. Toxicology. 2008;251:1–7.

Peraica Maja, Domijan Ana-Marija M., Sari? Marko. Mycotoxic and aristolochic acid theories of the development of endemic nephropathy. Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju. 2008;59:59–65.

Yokoyama Hirokazu, Anzai Naohiko, Ljubojevic Marija, et al. Functional and immunochemical characterization of a novel organic anion transporter Oat8 (Slc22a9) in rat renal collecting duct. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology. 2008;21:269–278.

Mili?evi? Dragan, Juri? Verica, Stefanovi? Srdan, Jovanovi? Milijan, Jankovi? Sasa. Survey of slaughtered pigs for occurrence of ochratoxin A and porcine nephropathy in Serbia. International journal of molecular sciences. 2008;9:2169–2183.

Mantle Peter G., Nagy Judit M.. Binding of ochratoxin A to a urinary globulin: a new concept to account for gender difference in rat nephrocarcinogenic responses. International journal of molecular sciences. 2008;9:719–735.

Bouslimi Amel, Ouannes Zouhour, Golli Emna El E., Bouaziz Chayma, Hassen Wafa, Bacha Hassen. Cytotoxicity and oxidative damage in kidney cells exposed to the mycotoxins ochratoxin a and citrinin: individual and combined effects. Toxicology mechanisms and methods. 2008;18:341–349.

Peraica Maja, Domijan Ana-Marija M., Mileti?-Medved Marica, Fuchs Radovan. The involvement of mycotoxins in the development of endemic nephropathy. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. 2008;120:402–407.

Hmaissia Khlifa K., Ghali R., Mezigh C., et al. Serum levels of ochratoxin A in healthy subjects and in nephropathic patients in Tunisia. Annales de biologie clinique. 2008;66:631–636.

Rached Eva, Hoffmann Dana, Blumbach Kai, Weber Klaus, Dekant Wolfgang, Mally Angela. Evaluation of putative biomarkers of nephrotoxicity after exposure to ochratoxin a in vivo and in vitro. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology. 2008;103:371–381.

Arbillaga Leire, Vettorazzi Ariane, Gil Ana G., Delft Joost Hm H., García-Jalón José Antonio A., Cerain Adela. Gene expression changes induced by ochratoxin A in renal and hepatic tissues of male F344 rat after oral repeated administration. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2008;230:197–207.

Boesch-Saadatmandi C., Loboda A., Jozkowicz A., et al. Effect of ochratoxin A on redox-regulated transcription factors, antioxidant enzymes and glutathione-Stransferase in cultured kidney tubulus cells. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2008;46:2665–2671.

Wanigasuriya Kamani P., Peiris Hemantha, Ileperuma Nalaka, Peiris-John Roshini J., Wickremasinghe Rajitha. Could ochratoxin A in food commodities be the cause of chronic kidney disease in Sri Lanka? Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2008;102:726–728.

Karmaus Wilfried, Dimitrov Plamen, Simeonov Valeri, Tsolova Svetla, Bonev Angel, Georgieva Rossitza. Metals and kidney markers in adult offspring of endemic nephropathy patients and controls: a two-year follow-up study. Environmental health : a global access science source. 2008;7.

Verma Ramtej, Chakraborty Devjani. Alterations in DNA, RNA and protein contents in liver and kidney of mice treated with ochratoxin and their amelioration by Emblica officinalis aqueous extract. Acta poloniae pharmaceutica. 2008;65:3–9.

Delatour Thierry, Mally Angela, Richoz Janique, et al. Absence of 2?-deoxyguanosinecarbon 8-bound ochratoxin A adduct in rat kidney DNA monitored by isotope dilution LCMS/MS. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2008;52:472–482.

Schmidt-Heydt M., Geisen R.. Gene expression as an indication for ochratoxin A biosynthesis in Penicillium nordicum. Mycotoxin research. 2007;23:13–21.

Rached Eva, Hard Gordon C., Blumbach Kai, et al. Ochratoxin A: 13-week oral toxicity and cell proliferation in male F344/n rats. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology. 2007;97:288–298.

Mally A., Hard G. C., Dekant W.. Ochratoxin A as a potential etiologic factor in endemic nephropathy: lessons from toxicity studies in rats. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2007;45:2254–2260.

Stemmer Kerstin, Ellinger-Ziegelbauer Heidrun, Ahr Hans-Juergen J., Dietrich Daniel R.. Carcinogen-specific gene expression profiles in short-term treated Eker and wild-type rats indicative of pathways involved in renal tumorigenesis. Cancer research. 2007;67:4052–4068.

Brown Amy L., Odell Edward W., Mantle Peter G.. DNA ploidy distribution in renal tumours induced in male rats by dietary ochratoxin A. Experimental and toxicologic pathology. 2007;59:85–95.

Schwerdt Gerald, Holzinger Hildegard, Sauvant Christoph, Königs Maika, Humpf Hans-Ulrich U., Gekle Michael. Long-term effects of ochratoxin A on fibrosis and cell death in human proximal tubule or fibroblast cells in primary culture. Toxicology. 2007;232:57–67.

Pfohl-Leszkowicz Annie, Tozlovanu Mariana, Manderville Richard, Peraica Maja, Castegnaro Marcel, Stefanovic Vladislav. New molecular and field evidences for the implication of mycotoxins but not aristolochic acid in human nephropathy and urinary tract tumor. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2007;51:1131–1146.

Kumar Manoj, Dwivedi Prabhaker, Sharma Anil K., Singh Nittin Dev D., Patil Rajendra D.. Ochratoxin A and citrinin nephrotoxicity in New Zealand White rabbits: an ultrastructural assessment. Mycopathologia. 2007;163:21–30.

Dinis A. M., Lino C. M., Pena A. S.. Ochratoxin A in nephropathic patients from two cities of central zone in Portugal. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2007;44:553–557.

Grajewski J., Jarzemski P., Twaruzek M., Kuzminska K., Trepala M.. The level of ochratoxin a in patients after nephrectomy. Mycotoxin research. 2007;23:22–26.

Arbillaga Leire, Azqueta Amaia, Ezpeleta Olga, Cerain Adela. Oxidative DNA damage induced by Ochratoxin A in the HK-2 human kidney cell line: evidence of the relationship with cytotoxicity. Mutagenesis. 2007;22:35–42.

Marin-Kuan M., Nestler S., Verguet C., et al. MAPK-ERK activation in kidney of male rats chronically fed ochratoxin A at a dose causing a significant incidence of renal carcinoma. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2007;224:174–181.

Costa S., Utan A., Cervellati R., Speroni E., Guerra M. C.. Catechins: natural freeradical scavengers against ochratoxin A-induced cell damage in a pig kidney cell line (LLC-PK1). Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2007;45:1910–1917.

Klari? Maja Segvi? S., Pepeljnjak Stjepan, Domijan Ana-Marija M., Petrik József. Lipid peroxidation and glutathione levels in porcine kidney PK15 cells after individual and combined treatment with fumonisin B(1), beauvericin and ochratoxin A. Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology. 2007;100:157–164.

Heussner A. H., O?Brien E., Dietrich D. R.. Effects of repeated ochratoxin exposure on renal cells in vitro. Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA. 2007;21:72–80.

Rached Eva, Pfeiffer Erika, Dekant Wolfgang, Mally Angela. Ochratoxin A: apoptosis and aberrant exit from mitosis due to perturbation of microtubule dynamics? Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology. 2006;92:78–86.

Gresham A., Done S., Livesey C., et al. Survey of pigs? kidneys with lesions consistent with PMWS and PDNS and ochratoxicosis. Part 2: pathological and histological findings. The Veterinary record. 2006;159:761–768.

Domijan Ana-Marija M., Zeljezi? Davor, Kopjar Nevenka, Peraica Maja. Standard and Fpg-modified comet assay in kidney cells of ochratoxin A- and fumonisin B(1)-treated rats. Toxicology. 2006;222:53–59.

Faucet-Marquis Virginie, Pont Frédéric, Størmer Frederik C., Rizk Toufik, Castegnaro Marcel, Pfohl-Leszkowicz Annie. Evidence of a new dechlorinated ochratoxin A derivative formed in opossum kidney cell cultures after pretreatment by modulators of glutathione pathways: correlation with DNA-adduct formation. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2006;50:530–542.

Gresham A., Done S., Livesey C., et al. Survey of pigs? kidneys with lesions consistent with PMWS and PDNS and ochratoxicosis. Part 1: concentrations and prevalence of ochratoxin A. The Veterinary record. 2006;159:737–742.

Zeljezi? D., Domijan A-M M., Peraica M.. DNA damage by ochratoxin A in rat kidney assessed by the alkaline comet assay. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas médicas e biológicas / Sociedade Brasileira de Biofísica … [et al.]. 2006;39:1563–1568.

Mally Angela, Decker Martina, Bekteshi Michaela, Dekant Wolfgang. Ochratoxin A alters cell adhesion and gap junction intercellular communication in MDCK cells. Toxicology. 2006;223:15–25.

Bow Daniel A., Perry Jennifer L., Simon John D., Pritchard John B.. The impact of plasma protein binding on the renal transport of organic anions. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 2006;316:349–355.

Heussner A. H., Dietrich D. R., O?Brien E.. In vitro investigation of individual and combined cytotoxic effects of ochratoxin A and other selected mycotoxins on renal cells. Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA. 2006;20:332–341.

Mally Angela, Keim-Heusler Heike, Amberg Alexander, et al. Biotransformation and nephrotoxicity of ochratoxin B in rats. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2005;206:43–53.

Fuchs R., Peraica M.. Ochratoxin A in human kidney diseases. Food additives and contaminants. 2005;22 Suppl 1:53–57.

Domijan Ana-Marija M., Rudes Kamilo, Peraica Maja. The effect of ochratoxin A on the concentration of protein carbonyls in rats. Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju. 2005;56:311–315.

Mally Angela, Völkel Wolfgang, Amberg Alexander, et al. Functional, biochemical, and pathological effects of repeated oral administration of ochratoxin A to rats. Chemical research in toxicology. 2005;18:1242–1252.

Knecht A., Schwerdt G., Gekle M., Humpf H-U U.. Combinatory effects of citrinin and ochratoxin A in immortalized human proximal tubule cells. Mycotoxin research. 2005;21:176–181.

Kamp Hennicke G., Eisenbrand Gerhard, Janzowski Christine, et al. Ochratoxin A induces oxidative DNA damage in liver and kidney after oral dosing to rats. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2005;49:1160–1167.

Sauvant C., Holzinger H., Gekle M.. Proximal tubular toxicity of ochratoxin A is amplified by simultaneous inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 2005;313:234–241.

Gagliano Nicoletta, Torri Carlo, Donetti Elena, et al. Ochratoxin A-induced renal cortex fibrosis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition: molecular mechanisms of ochratoxin A-injury and potential effects of red wine. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.). 2005;11:30–38.

Mantle Peter, Kulinskaya Elena, Nestler Sandra. Renal tumourigenesis in male rats in response to chronic dietary ochratoxin A. Food additives and contaminants. 2005;22 Suppl 1:58–64.

Kwak Jin-Oh O., Kim Hyun-Woo W., Oh Kwang-Jin J., Ko Chang-Bo B., Park Hwayong, Cha Seok Ho H.. Characterization of mouse organic anion transporter 5 as a renal steroid sulfate transporter. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology. 2005;97:369–375.

Anzai Naohiko, Jutabha Promsuk, Enomoto Atsushi, et al. Functional characterization of rat organic anion transporter 5 (Slc22a19) at the apical membrane of renal proximal tubules. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 2005;315:534–544.

Sauvant Christoph, Holzinger Hildegard, Gekle Michael. The nephrotoxin ochratoxin A induces key parameters of chronic interstitial nephropathy in renal proximal tubular cells. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology. 2005;15:125–134.

Blazer-Yost Bonnie L., West T. Aaron, Stack Jamie, Peck Kerrie, Lahr Thomas F., Gekle Michael. Effect of the mycotoxin, ochratoxin A, on hormone-stimulated ion transport in a physiology. 2005;450:53–60.

Sauvant Christoph, Holzinger Hildegard, Mildenberger Sigrid, Gekle Michael. Exposure to nephrotoxic ochratoxin A enhances collagen secretion in human renal proximal tubular cells. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2005;49:31–37.

Domijan Ana-Marija M., Peraica Maja, Ferenci? Zeljko, et al. Ochratoxin A-induced apoptosis in rat kidney tissue. Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju. 2004;55:243–248.

Hassen Wafa, Abid Salwa, Achour Abdellatif, Creppy Edmond, Bacha Hassen. Ochratoxin A and beta2-microglobulinuria in healthy individuals and in chronic interstitial nephropathy patients in the centre of Tunisia: a hot spot of Ochratoxin A exposure. Toxicology. 2004;199:185–193.

Robbiano Luigi, Baroni Debora, Carrozzino Roberto, Mereto Eugenio, Brambilla Giovanni. DNA damage and micronuclei induced in rat and human kidney cells by six chemicals carcinogenic to the rat kidney. Toxicology. 2004;204:187–195.

Hassen Wafa, Abid-Essafi Salwa, Achour Abdellatif, et al. Karyomegaly of tubular kidney cells in human chronic interstitial nephropathy in Tunisia: respective role of Ochratoxin A and possible genetic predisposition. Human & experimental toxicology. 2004;23:339–346.

Hsieh Ming-Fang F., Chiu Hsiao-Ying Y., Lin-Tan Dan-Tzu T., Lin Ja-Liang L.. Does human ochratoxin A aggravate proteinuria in patients with chronic renal disease? Renal failure. 2004;26:311–316.

Blank Ralf, Wolffram Siegfried. Alkalinization of urinary pH accelerates renal excretion of ochratoxin A in pigs. The Journal of nutrition. 2004;134:2355–2358.

Zhang Xiaohong, Groves Carlotta E., Bahn Andrew, et al. Relative contribution of OAT and OCT transporters to organic electrolyte transport in rabbit proximal tubule. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology. 2004;287.

Lock Edward A., Hard Gordon C.. Chemically induced renal tubule tumors in the laboratory rat and mouse: review of the NCI/NTP database and categorization of renal carcinogens based on mechanistic information. Critical reviews in toxicology. 2004;34:211–299.

Youngblood Geri L., Sweet Douglas H.. Identification and functional assessment of the novel murine organic anion transporter Oat5 (Slc22a19) expressed in kidney. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology. 2004;287.

Gennari Alessandra, Pazos Patricia, Boveri Monica, et al. New insights into the mechanisms involved in renal proximal tubular damage induced in vitro by ochratoxin A. Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology. 2004;18:43–49.

Schwerdt Gerald, Freudinger Ruth, Schuster Claudia, Silbernagl Stefan, Gekle Michael. Inhibition of mitochondria and extracellular acidification enhance achratoxin A-induced apoptosis in renal collecting duct-derived MDCK-C7 cells. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology. 2004;14:47–56.

Aukema H. M., House J. D., Bankovic-Calic N., Ogborn M. R.. Increased renal fibrosis and expression of renal phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase-beta and phospholipase C (gamma1) proteins in piglets exposed to ochratoxin-A. Nephron. Physiology. 2004;96.

Froquet R., Le Dréan G., Parent-Massin D.. Effect of Ochratoxin A on human haematopoietic progenitors proliferation and differentiation: an in vitro study. Human & experimental toxicology. 2003;22:393–400.

Miljkovic Ana, Pfohl-Leszkowicz Annie, Dobrota Miloslav, Mantle Peter G.. Comparative extract of Penicillium polonicum in rats. Experimental and toxicologic pathology. 2003;54:305–312.

Weber F., Schwerdt G., Freudinger R., Gekle M.. Programmed cell death by interaction of ochratoxin A with other nephrotoxins. Mycotoxin research. 2003;19:20–23.

Abid Salwa, Hassen Wafa, Achour Abdellatif, et al. Ochratoxin A and human chronic nephropathy in Tunisia: is the situation endemic? Human & experimental toxicology. 2003;22:77–84.

Schwerdt Gerald, Freudinger Ruth, Schuster Claudia, Silbernagl Stefan, Gekle Michael. Inhibition of mitochondria prevents cell death in kidney epithelial cells by intra- and extracellular acidification. Kidney international. 2003;63:1725–1735.

Petrik József, Zani?-Grubisi? Tihana, Barisi? Karmela, et al. Apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by ochratoxin A in rat kidney. Archives of toxicology. 2003;77:685–693.

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[expand title=”__Effects on Offspring” swaptitle=”__Hide Effects on Offspring”]

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Matsuda Yasunobu, Wakai Toshifumi, Kubota Masayuki, Osawa Mami, Sanpei Ayumi, Fujimaki Shun. Mycotoxins are conventional and novel risk biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. World journal of gastroenterology : WJG. 2013;19:2587–2590.

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El Golli Bennour Emna, Rodriguez-Enfedaque Aïda, Bouaziz Chayma, Ladjimi Moncef, Renaud Flore, Bacha Hassen. Toxicities induced in cultured human hepatocarcinoma cells exposed to ochratoxin A: oxidative stress and apoptosis status. Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology. 2009;23:87–96.

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Gazinska Patrycja, Herman Diana, Gillett Cheryl, Pinder Sarah, Mantle Peter. Comparative immunohistochemical analysis of ochratoxin A tumourigenesis in rats and urinary tract carcinoma in humans; mechanistic significance of p-S6 ribosomal protein expression. Toxins. 2012;4:643–662.

Aslam Muhammad, Rivzi S. Abidul Hassan, Beg Anwer Ejaz E., Blaszkewicz Meinolf, Golka Klaus, Degen Gisela H.. Analysis of ochratoxin A blood levels in bladder cancer cases and healthy persons from Pakistan. Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A. 2012;75:1176–1184.

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Kumar Rahul, Alam Shamshad, Chaudhari Bhushan P., et al. Ochratoxin A-induced cell proliferation and tumor promotion in mouse skin by activating the expression of cyclin-D1 and cyclooxygenase-2 through nuclear factor-kappa B and activator protein-1. Carcinogenesis. 2013;34:647–657.

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Zurich Marie-Gabrielle G., Honegger Paul. Ochratoxin A at nanomolar concentration perturbs the homeostasis of neural stem cells in highly differentiated but not in immature three-dimensional brain cell cultures. Toxicology letters. 2011;205:203–208.

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Zhang Xiangnan, Boesch-Saadatmandi Christine, Lou Yijia, Wolffram Siegfried, Huebbe Patricia, Rimbach Gerald. Ochratoxin A induces apoptosis in neuronal cells. Genes & nutrition. 2009;4:41–48.

Yoon Somy, Cong Wei-Tao T., Bang Yeojin, et al. Proteome response to ochratoxin A induced apoptotic cell death in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. Neurotoxicology. 2009;30:666–676.

Sava Vasyl, Velasquez Adriana, Song Shijie, Sanchez-Ramos Juan. Adult hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro are vulnerable to the mycotoxin ochratoxin-A. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology. 2007;98:187–197.

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Delibas Namik, Altuntas Irfan, Yonden Zafer, Ozcelik Nurten. Ochratoxin A reduces NMDA receptor subunits 2A and 2B concentrations in rat hippocampus: partial protective effect of melatonin. Human & experimental toxicology. 2003;22:335–339.

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[expand title=”__Immune System Effects” swaptitle=”__Hide Immune System Effects”]

Hassan Zahoor Ul U., Khan Muhammad Zargham Z., Saleemi Muhammad Kashif K., Khan Ahrar, Javed Ijaz, Noreen Mnaza. Immunological responses of male White Leghorn chicks kept on ochratoxin A (OTA)-contaminated feed. Journal of immunotoxicology. 2012;9:56–63.

Hassan Zahoor, Khan Muhammad Zargham Z., Khan Ahrar, Javed Ijaz, Noreen Mnaza. In vivo and ex vivo phagocytic potential of macrophages from progeny of breeder hens kept on ochratoxin A (OTA)-contaminated diet. Journal of immunotoxicology. 2012;9:64–71.

Ul-Hassan Zahoor, Khan Muhammad Zargham Z., Khan Ahrar, Javed Ijaz. Immunological status of the progeny of breeder hens kept on ochratoxin A (OTA)- and aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1))-contaminated feeds. Journal of immunotoxicology. 2012;9:381–391.

Liu Jing, Wang Yuan, Cui Jinfeng, et al. Ochratoxin A induces oxidative DNA damage and G1 phase arrest in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Toxicology letters. 2012;211:164–171.

Hassan Zahoor, Khan Muhammad Zargham Z., Saleemi Muhammad Kashif K., Khan Ahrar, Javed Ijaz, Hussain Alamdar. Immunological status of White Leghorn chicks hatched from eggs inoculated with ochratoxin A (OTA). Journal of immunotoxicology. 2011;8:204–209.

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Mwanza Mulunda, Kametler Lazlow, Bonai Alex, Rajli Veronika, Kovacs Melinda, Dutton Michael Francis F.. The cytotoxic effect of fumonisin B1 and ochratoxin A on human and pig lymphocytes using the Methyl Thiazol Tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Mycotoxin research. 2009;25:233–238.

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Rossiello Maria R., Rotunno Crescenzia, Coluccia Addolorata, et al. Ochratoxin A inhibits the production of tissue factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 by human blood mononuclear cells: another potential mechanism of immune-suppression. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2008;229:227–231.

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Ferrante Maria Carmela C., Bilancione Marcella, Raso Giuseppina Mattace M., et al. Expression of COX-2 and hsp72 in peritoneal macrophages after an acute ochratoxin A treatment in mice. Life sciences. 2006;79:1242–1247.

Al-Anati L., Petzinger E.. Immunotoxic activity of ochratoxin A. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. 2006;29:79–90.

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Richetti Adriana, Cavallaro Antonia, Ainis Tommaso, Fimiani Vincenzo. Effect of mycotoxins on some activities of isolated human neutrophils. Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology. 2005;27:433–446.

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Keblys Modestas, Bernhoft Aksel, Höfer Constance C., Morrison Ellen, Larsen Hans Jørgen J., Flåøyen Arne. The effects of the Penicillium mycotoxins citrinin, cyclopiazonic acid, ochratoxin A, patulin, penicillic acid, and roquefortine C on in vitro proliferation of porcine lymphocytes. Mycopathologia. 2004;158:317–324.

Assaf Hind, Azouri Hayat, Pallardy Marc. Ochratoxin A induces apoptosis in human lymphocytes through down regulation of Bcl-xL. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology. 2004;79:335–344.

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Kibugu J. K., Ngeranwa J. J., Makumi J. N., et al. Aggravation of pathogenesis mediated by ochratoxin A in mice infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Parasitology. 2009;136:273–281.

Gupta Sanjeev, Jindal Naresh, Khokhar Raj S., Asrani Rajesh K., Ledoux David R., Rottinghaus George E.. Individual and combined effects of ochratoxin A and Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum infection on pathological changes in broiler chickens. Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A. 2008;37:265–272.

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Kumar Arvind, Jindal Naresh, Shukla Chhote L., Asrani Rajesh K., Ledoux David R., Rottinghaus George E.. Pathological changes in broiler chickens fed ochratoxin A and inoculated with Escherichia coli. Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A. 2004;33:413–417.

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Sandhu B. S., Singh B., Brar R. S.. Haematological and biochemical studies in broiler chicks fed ochratoxin and inoculated with inclusion body hepatitis virus, singly and in concurrence. Veterinary research communications. 1998;22:335–346.

Ali-Vehmas T., Rizzo A., Westermarck T., Atroshi F.. Measurement of antibacterial activities of T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A, aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 using microtitration tray-based turbidimetric techniques. Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin. Reihe A. 1998;45:453–458.

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Cui Jinfeng, Liu Jing, Wu Sha, et al. Oxidative DNA damage is involved in ochratoxin A induced G2 arrest through ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) pathways in human gastric epithelium GES-1 cells in vitro. Archives of toxicology. 2013.

Grenier Bertrand, Applegate Todd J.. Modulation of intestinal functions following mycotoxin ingestion: meta-analysis of published experiments in animals. Toxins. 2013;5:396–430.

Wang Yuan, Liu Jing, Cui Jinfeng, et al. ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways are involved in ochratoxin A-induced G2 phase arrest in human gastric epithelium cells. Toxicology letters. 2012;209:186–192.

Cui Jinfeng, Xing Lingxiao, Li Zengning, et al. Ochratoxin A induces G(2) phase arrest in human gastric epithelium GES-1 cells in vitro. Toxicology letters. 2010;193:152–158.

Maresca Marc, Yahi Nouara, Younès-Sakr Lama, Boyron Marilyn, Caporiccio Bertrand, Fantini Jacques. Both direct and indirect effects account for the pro-inflammatory activity of enteropathogenic mycotoxins on the human intestinal epithelium: stimulation of interleukin-8 secretion, potentiation of interleukin-1beta effect and increase in the transepithelial passage of commensal bacteria. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2008;228:84–92.

Ranaldi G., Mancini E., Ferruzza S., Sambuy Y., Perozzi G.. Effects of red wine on ochratoxin A toxicity in intestinal Caco-2/TC7 cells. Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA. 2007;21:204–210.

Sergent Thérèse, Garsou Serge, Schaut Annelore, et al. Differential modulation of ochratoxin A absorption across Caco-2 cells by dietary polyphenols, used at realistic intestinal concentrations. Toxicology letters. 2005;159:60–70.

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Maresca M., Mahfoud R., Pfohl-Leszkowicz A., Fantini J.. The mycotoxin ochratoxin A alters intestinal barrier and absorption functions but has no effect on chloride secretion. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2001;176:54–63.

Subramanian S., Balasubramanian N., William S., Govindasamy S.. In vivo absorption of 14C-glucose and 14C-glycine by the rat intestine during ochratoxin A toxicosis. Biochemistry international. 1991;23:655–661.

Kanisawa M., Suzuki S., Moroi K.. The mode of action of ochratoxin A in acute enteritis in rats. Journal of environmental pathology, toxicology and oncology. 1990;10:56–63.

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[expand title=”__Reproductive System Effects” swaptitle=”__Hide Reproductive System Effects”]

Muñoz K., Wollin K. M., Kalhoff H., Degen G.. Zum Vorkommen des Mykotoxins Ochratoxin A in Muttermilchproben aus Deutschland Das Gesundheitswesen. 2013;75:194–197.

Verma Ramtej, Chakraborty Devjani. Emblica officinalis aqueous extract ameliorates ochratoxin-induced lipid peroxidation in the testis of mice. Acta poloniae pharmaceutica. 2008;65:187–194.

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Paul B., Deb C., Banik S.. Testicular steroidogenesis in rats following ochratoxin A treatment. Indian journal of experimental biology. 1979;17:121–123.

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[expand title=”__Endocrine Effects” swaptitle=”__Hide Endocrine Effects”]

Frizzell C., Verhaegen S., Ropstad E., Elliott C. T., Connolly L.. Endocrine disrupting effects of ochratoxin A at the level of nuclear receptor activation and steroidogenesis. Toxicology letters. 2013;217:243–250.

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[expand title=”__Effects on Bones and Skin” swaptitle=”__Effects on Bones and Skin”]

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Yuki Takuo, Haratake Akinori, Koishikawa Hisa, Morita Kazumasa, Miyachi Yoshiki, Inoue Shintaro. Tight junction proteins in keratinocytes: localization and contribution to barrier function. Experimental dermatology. 2007;16:324–330.

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Verma R. J., Shalini M.. Hyperglycemia induced in rabbits exposed to ochratoxin. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology. 1998;60:626–631.

Zani?-Grubisi? T., Zrinski R., Cepelak I., Petrik J., Pepeljnjak S.. Ochratoxin A impairs activity of the membrane bound enzymes in rat pancreas. European journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry : journal of the Forum of European Clinical Chemistry Societies. 1995;33:699–704.

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[expand title=”__Respiratory Effects” swaptitle=”__Hide Respiratory Effects”]

Lieberman Seth M., Jacobs Joseph B., Lebowitz Richard A., Fitzgerald Matthew B., Crawford James, Feigenbaum Bernard A.. Measurement of mycotoxins in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Otolaryngology–head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2011;145:327–329.

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[expand title=”__Adipose Tissue Effects” swaptitle=”__Hide Adipose Tissue Effects”]

Lim Seyoung, Jang Hyun-Jun J., Kim Jung Kuk K., et al. Ochratoxin A inhibits adipogenesis through the extracellular signal-related kinases-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-? pathway in human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem cells and development. 2011;20:415–426.

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[expand title=”__Endothelial Cell Effects” swaptitle=”__Hide Endothelial Cell Effects”]

Kwan Hiu-Yee Y., Leung Pan-Cheung C., Huang Yu, Yao Xiaoqiang. Depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores sensitizes the flow-induced Ca2+ influx in rat endothelial cells. Circulation research. 2003;92:286–292.

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[expand title=”__Human Serum Albumin Effects” swaptitle=”__Hide Human Serum Albumin Effects”]

Il?ichev Yuri V., Perry Jennifer L., Rüker Florian, Dockal Michael, Simon John D.. Interaction of ochratoxin A with human serum albumin. Binding sites localized by competitive interactions with the native protein and its recombinant fragments. Chemico-biological interactions. 2002;141:275–293.

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[expand title=”__Genotoxic Effects” swaptitle=”__Hide Genotoxic Effects”]

Hibi Daisuke, Kijima Aki, Suzuki Yuta, et al. Effects of p53 knockout on ochratoxin A induced genotoxicity in p53-deficient gpt delta mice. Toxicology. 2013;304:92–99.

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Mutlu Ayse Gul G.. Increase in mitochondrial DNA copy number in response to ochratoxin A and methanol-induced mitochondrial DNA damage in Drosophila. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology. 2012;89:1129–1132.

Hadjeba-Medjdoub Kheira, Tozlovanu Mariana, Pfohl-Leszkowicz Annie, Frenette Christine, Paugh Robert J., Manderville Richard A.. Structure-activity relationships imply different mechanisms of action for ochratoxin A-mediated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Chemical research in toxicology. 2012;25:181–190.

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Lerda D., Biagi Bistoni M., Pelliccioni P., Litterio N.. Allium cepa as a biomonitor of ochratoxin A toxicity and genotoxicity. Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany). 2010;12:685–688.

Klari? Maja Segvi? S., Darabos Dina, Rozgaj Ruzica, Kasuba Vilena, Pepeljnjak Stjepan. Beauvericin and ochratoxin A genotoxicity evaluated using the alkaline comet assay: single and combined genotoxic action. Archives of toxicology. 2010;84:641–650.

Mantle Peter G., Faucet-Marquis Virginie, Manderville Richard A., Squillaci Bianca, Pfohl-Leszkowicz Annie. Structures of covalent adducts between DNA and ochratoxin a: a new factor in debate about genotoxicity and human risk assessment. Chemical research in toxicology. 2010;23:89–98.

Arbillaga Leire, Azqueta Amaia, Delft Joost H., Cerain Adela. In vitro gene expression data supporting a DNA non-reactive genotoxic mechanism for ochratoxin A. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2007;220:216–224.

Föllmann W., Behm C., Degen G. H.. Induction of micronuclei by ochratoxin A is a sensitive parameter of its genotoxicity in cultured cells. Mycotoxin research. 2007;23:101–109.

Tozlovanu Mariana, Faucet-Marquis Virginie, Pfohl-Leszkowicz Annie, Manderville Richard A.. Genotoxicity of the hydroquinone metabolite of ochratoxin A: structureactivity relationships for covalent DNA adduction. Chemical research in toxicology. 2006;19:1241–1247.

Mally Angela, Dekant Wolfgang. DNA adduct formation by ochratoxin A: review of the available evidence. Food additives and contaminants. 2005;22 Suppl 1:65–74.

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Manderville Richard A.. A case for the genotoxicity of ochratoxin A by bioactivation and covalent DNA adduction. Chemical research in toxicology. 2005;18:1091–1097.

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Russo Alessandra, La Fauci Luca, Acquaviva Rosaria, et al. Ochratoxin A-induced DNA damage in human fibroblast: protective effect of cyanidin 3-O-beta-d-glucoside. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry. 2005;16:31–37.

Faucet Virginie, Pfohl-Leszkowicz Annie, Dai Jian, Castegnaro Marcel, Manderville Richard A.. Evidence for covalent DNA adduction by ochratoxin A following chronic exposure to rat and subacute exposure to pig. Chemical research in toxicology. 2004;17:1289–1296.

Föllmann Wolfram, Lucas Stefanie. Effects of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A in a bacterial and a mammalian in vitro mutagenicity test system. Archives of toxicology. 2003;77:298–304.

Lebrun Stefan, Föllmann Wolfram. Detection of ochratoxin A-induced DNA damage in MDCK cells by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Archives of toxicology. 2002;75:734–741.

Lebrun Stefan, Golka Klaus, Föllmann Wolfram, Schulze Harald. Is there an influence of enzyme polymorphisms on ochratoxin A genotoxicity? Mycotoxin research. 2002;18 Suppl 2:173–177.

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Obrecht-Pflumio S., Dirheimer G.. Horseradish peroxidase mediates DNA and deoxyguanosine 3?-monophosphate adduct formation in the presence of ochratoxin A. Archives of toxicology. 2001;75:583–590.

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St?tina R., Votava M.. Induction of DNA single-strand breaks and DNA synthesis inhibition by patulin, ochratoxin A, citrinin, and aflatoxin B1 in cell lines CHO and AWRF. Folia biologica. 1986;32:128–144.

Bendele A. M., Neal S. B., Oberly T. J., et al. Evaluation of ochratoxin A for mutagenicity in a battery of bacterial and mammalian cell assays. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 1985;23:911–918.

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[expand title=”__Oxidative Stress & Glutathione” swaptitle=”__Hide Oxidative Stress & Glutathione”]

Tozlovanu Mariana, Canadas Delphine, Pfohl-Leszkowicz Annie, Frenette Christine, Paugh Robert J., Manderville Richard A.. Glutathione conjugates of ochratoxin A as biomarkers of exposure. Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju. 2012;63:417–427.

Cavin Christophe, Delatour Thierry, Marin-Kuan Maricel, et al. Ochratoxin A-mediated DNA and protein damage: roles of nitrosative and oxidative stresses. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology. 2009;110:84–94.

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Albassam M. A., Yong S. I., Bhatnagar R., Sharma A. K., Prior M. G.. Histopathologic and electron microscopic studies on the acute toxicity of ochratoxin A in rats. Veterinary pathology. 1987;24:427–435.

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Purchase I. F., Theron J. J.. The acute toxicity of ochratoxin A to rats. Food and cosmetics toxicology. 1968;6:479–483.

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[expand title=”__Human Population Levels & Risk Assessment” swaptitle=”__Hide Human Population Levels & Risk Assessment”]

Giuseppe Romina, Bertuzzi Terenzio, Rossi Filippo, et al. Plasma ochratoxin A levels, food consumption, and risk biomarkers of a representative sample of men and women from the Molise region in Italy. European journal of nutrition. 2012;51:851–860.

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Coronel M. B., Sanchis V., Ramos A. J., Marin S.. Ochratoxin A in adult population of Lleida, Spain: presence in blood plasma and consumption in different regions and seasons. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2011;49:2697–2705.

Duarte S., Bento J., Pena A., et al. Monitoring of ochratoxin A exposure of the Portuguese population through a nationwide urine survey–Winter 2007. The Science of the total environment. 2010;408:1195–1198.

Erkeko?lu Pinar, Sabuncuo?lu Suna, Aydin Sevtap, Sahin Gönül, Giray Belma. Determination of seasonal variations in serum ochratoxin A levels in healthy population living in some regions of Turkey by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Toxicon. 2010;55:507–513.

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Kuiper-Goodman T., Hilts C., Billiard S. M., Kiparissis Y., Richard I. D., Hayward S.. Health risk assessment of ochratoxin A for all age-sex strata in a market economy. Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment. 2010;27:212–240.

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Medina A., Mateo E. M., Roig R. J., Blanquer A., Jiménez M.. Ochratoxin A levels in the plasma of healthy blood donors from Valencia and estimation of exposure degree: comparison with previous national Spanish data. Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment. 2010;27:1273–1284.

Duarte Sofia C., Pena Angelina, Lino Celeste M.. Ochratoxin a in Portugal: a review to assess human exposure. Toxins. 2010;2:1225–1249.

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Duarte S. C., Bento J. M., Pena A., Lino C. M.. Ochratoxin A exposure assessment of the inhabitants of Lisbon during winter 2007/2008 through bread and urine analysis. Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment. 2009;26:1411–1420.

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Sangare-Tigori Béatrice, Moukha Serge, Kouadio James H., et al. Ochratoxin A in human blood in Abidjan, Côte d?Ivoire. Toxicon. 2006;47:894–900.

Muñoz Katherine, Vega Mario, Rios Gisela, Muñoz Sara, Madariaga Ricardo. Preliminary study of Ochratoxin A in human plasma in agricultural zones of Chile and its relation to food consumption. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2006;44:1884–1889.

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Fazekas B., Tar Andrea, Kovács Melinda. Ochratoxin a content of urine samples of healthy humans in Hungary. Acta veterinaria Hungarica. 2005;53:35–44.

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Engelhardt G., Kibler R., Verwied-Jorky S., Koletzko B.. The daily dietary intake of ochratoxin a – Results of a duplicate portion study with Bavarian schoolchildren. Mycotoxin research. 2003;19:8–12.

Skaug Marit Aralt A.. Levels of ochratoxin A and IgG against conidia of Penicillium verrucosum in blood samples from healthy farm workers. Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM. 2003;10:73–77.

Iavicoli Ivo, Brera Carlo, Carelli Giovanni, Caputi Rosamaria, Marinaccio Alessandro, Miraglia Marina. External and internal dose in subjects occupationally exposed to ochratoxin A. International archives of occupational and environmental health. 2002;75:381–386.

Filali A., Betbeder A. M., Baudrimont I., Benayad A., Soulaymani R., Creppy E. E.. Ochratoxin A in human plasma in Morocco: a preliminary survey. Human & experimental toxicology. 2002;21:241–245.

Thuvander A., Paulsen J. E., Axberg K., et al. Levels of ochratoxin A in blood from Norwegian and Swedish blood donors and their possible correlation with food consumption. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2001;39:1145–1151.

Domijan A. M., Peraica M., Fuchs R., et al. Ochratoxin A in blood of healthy population in Zagreb. Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju. 1999;50:263–271.

Fink-Gremmels J.. Mycotoxins: their implications for human and animal health. The Veterinary quarterly. 1999;21:115–120.

Peraica M., Domijan A. M., Fuchs R., Luci? A., Radi? B.. The occurrence of ochratoxin A in blood in general population of Croatia. Toxicology letters. 1999;110:105–112.

Ueno Y., Maki S., Lin J., Furuya M., Sugiura Y., Kawamura O.. A 4-year study of plasma ochratoxin A in a selected population in Tokyo by immunoassay and immunoaffinity column-linked HPLC. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 1998;36:445–449.

Scott P. M., Kanhere S. R., Lau B. P., et al. Survey of Canadian human blood plasma for ochratoxin A. Food additives and contaminants. 1998;15:555–562.

Kovács F., Sándor G., Ványi A., Domány S., Zomborszky-Kovács M.. Detection of ochratoxin a in human blood and colostrum. Acta veterinaria Hungarica. 1995;43:393–400.

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Creppy E. E., Betbeder A. M., Gharbi A., et al. Human ochratoxicosis in France. IARC scientific publications. 1991:145–151.

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[expand title=”__Toxicokinetics” swaptitle=”__Hide Toxicokinetics”]

Corcuera L. A., Vettorazzi A., Arbillaga L., González-Peñas E., Cerain A.. An approach to the toxicity and toxicokinetics of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A after simultaneous oral administration to fasted F344 rats. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2012;50:3440–3446.

Wu Qinghua, Dohnal Vlastimil, Huang Lingli, et al. Metabolic pathways of ochratoxin A. Current drug metabolism. 2011;12:1–10.

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Palabiyik Sezin S., Erkekoglu Pinar, Zeybek N. Dilara, et al. Protective effect of lycopene against ochratoxin A induced renal oxidative stress and apoptosis in rats. Experimental and toxicologic pathology. 2013;65:853–861.

Zheng Juanjuan, Zhang Yu, Xu Wentao, et al. Zinc protects HepG2 cells against the oxidative damage and DNA damage induced by ochratoxin A. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2013;268:123–131.

Poór Miklós, Kunsági-Máté Sándor, Bencsik Tímea, Petrik József, Vladimir-Kneževi? Sanda, K?szegi Tamás. Flavonoid aglycones can compete with Ochratoxin A for human serum albumin: a new possible mode of action. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2012;51:279–283.

Malekinejad Hassan, Mirzakhani Navideh, Razi Mazdak, Cheraghi Hadi, Alizadeh Arash, Dardmeh Fereshteh. Protective effects of melatonin and Glycyrrhiza glabra extract on ochratoxin A–induced damages on testes in mature rats. Human & experimental toxicology. 2011;30:110–123.

Madrigal-Santillán Eduardo, Morales-González José A., Vargas-Mendoza Nancy, et al. Antigenotoxic studies of different substances to reduce the DNA damage induced by aflatoxin B(1) and ochratoxin A. Toxins. 2010;2:738–757.

Yenilmez Aydin, Isikli Burhanettin, Aral Erinc, Degirmenci Irfan, Sutken Emine, Baycu Cengiz. Antioxidant effects of melatonin and coenzyme Q10 on oxidative damage caused by single-dose ochratoxin A in rat kidney. The Chinese journal of physiology. 2010;53:310–317.

Fusi Eleonora, Rebucci Raffaella, Pecorini Chiara, et al. Alpha-tocopherol counteracts the cytotoxicity induced by ochratoxin a in primary porcine fibroblasts. Toxins. 2010;2:1265–1278.

Al-Anati Lauy, Essid Ebtisam, Reinehr Roland, Petzinger Ernst. Silibinin protects OTA mediated TNF-alpha release from perfused rat livers and isolated rat Kupffer cells. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2009;53:460–466.

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Cavin Christophe, Delatour Thierry, Marin-Kuan Maricel, et al. Reduction in antioxidant defenses may contribute to ochratoxin A toxicity and carcinogenicity. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology. 2007;96:30–39.

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Sutken Emine, Aral Erinc, Ozdemir Filiz, Uslu Sema, Alatas Ozkan, Colak Omer. Protective role of melatonin and coenzyme Q10 in ochratoxin A toxicity in rat liver and kidney. International journal of toxicology. 2007;26:81–87.

Hundhausen Christoph, Bösch-Saadatmandi Christine, Augustin Kay, Blank Ralf, Wolffram Siegfried, Rimbach Gerald. Effect of vitamin E and polyphenols on ochratoxin A-induced cytotoxicity in liver (HepG2) cells. Journal of plant physiology. 2005;162:818–822.

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Meki A. R., Hussein A. A.. Melatonin reduces oxidative stress induced by ochratoxin A in rat liver and kidney. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP. 2001;130:305–313.

Baudrimont I., Sostaric B., Yenot C., et al. Aspartame prevents the karyomegaly induced by ochratoxin A in rat kidney. Archives of toxicology. 2001;75:176–183.

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Abdel-Wahhab M. A., Nada S. A., Arbid M. S.. Ochratoxicosis: prevention of developmental toxicity by L-methionine in rats. Journal of applied toxicology : JAT. 1999;19:7–12.

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